Safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with quiescent disease.
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OBJECTIVE: to assess the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the influence of immunosuppressive drugs on the immune response. METHODS: SLE patients (n=56) and healthy controls (n=18) were studied. All patients had quiescent disease (SLE disease activity indexor=40 against A/H3N2 (p=0.030) compared with the other patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination in SLE patients with quiescent disease is safe but is less effective than in controls. Use of azathioprine was associated with a trend to decreased vaccination efficacy. (+info)
Disseminated cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae mimicking panniculitis in a patient with dermatomyositis.
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We report a case of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection. A patient with dermatomyositis associated with malignancy presented with features of panniculitis. This was later confirmed to be cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection. Disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection and panniculitis are reviewed. (+info)
Familial interstitial lung disease in two young Korean sisters.
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Most of the interstitial lung diseases are rare, chronic, progressive and fatal disorders, especially in familial form. The etiology of the majority of interstitial lung disease is still unknown. Host susceptibility, genetic and environmental factors may influence clinical expression of each disease. With familial interstitial lung diseases, mutations of surfactant protein B and surfactant protein C or other additional genetic mechanisms (e.g. mutation of the gene for ATP-binding cassette transporter A3) could be associated. We found a 21 month-old girl with respiratory symptoms, abnormal radiographic findings and abnormal open lung biopsy findings compatible with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis that is similar to those of her older sister died from this disease. We performed genetic studies of the patient and her parents, but we could not find any mutation in our case. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and oral hydroxychloroquine were administered and she is still alive without progression during 21 months of follow-up. (+info)
Chloroquine (Hydroxychloroquine)-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Cessation of the culprit drug, along with aggressive afterload reduction therapy, has been associated with halting of disease progress and even improvement in patients' clinical and histologic status. Echocardiography is a fundamental tool in the identification and assessment of patients with cardiomyopathy, with particular utility in the detailed assessment of biventricular systolic and diastolic function. It also provides an objective and non-invasive means of assessing treatment response. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman with hydroxychloroquine-induced restrictive cardiomyopathy and correlate clinical, echocardiographic and anatomic pathologic findings both at initial presentation and following treatment. (+info)
Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus are distinct conditions.
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Sjogren syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are both collagen vascular diseases that can be accompanied by Ro antibodies. Clinical evidence suggests that they are wholly distinct diseases. SS is strongly linked to lymphoma while lupus is not. SS patients do not commonly exhibit photosensitivity even though anti-Ro antibodies circulate in their blood; SLE patients generally exhibit photosensitivity. SS does not respond to hydroxychloroquine in a reproducible fashion whereas SLE does. SS has not been linked to parvovirus B19, but SLE has. However, SS and SLE do have similarities. Their autoantibody profiles are similar. They effect women more than men and have similar HLA haplotypes and autoantibodies; this is not likely coincidence but it may not clinically relevant. (+info)
Hydroxychloroquine potentiates Fas-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synoviocytes.
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Inadequate apoptosis may contribute to the synovial hyperplasia associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)-like interleukin (IL)-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein (FLIP), which is an apoptotic inhibitor, has been implicated in the resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis of synoviocytes. This study investigated whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an anti-rheumatic drug, induces the apoptosis of rheumatoid synoviocytes, and modulates the expression of FLIP. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were prepared from the synovial tissues of RA patients, and were cultured with various concentrations of HCQ in the presence or absence of the IgM anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (CH11). Treatment with HCQ, ranging from 1 to 100 microM, induced the apoptosis of FLS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increase in synoviocytes apoptosis by HCQ was associated with caspase-3 activation. A combined treatment of HCQ and anti-Fas mAb increased FLS apoptosis and caspase-3 activity synergistically, compared with either anti-Fas mAb or HCQ alone. The Fas expression level in the FLS was not increased by the HCQ treatment, while the FLIP mRNA and protein levels were decreased rapidly by the HCQ treatment. Moreover, time kinetics analysis revealed that the decreased expression of FLIP by HCQ preceded the apoptotic event that was triggered by HCQ plus anti-Fas mAb. Taken together, HCQ increases the apoptosis of rheumatoid synoviocytes by activating caspase-3, and also sensitizes rheumatoid synoviocytes to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that HCQ may exert its anti-rheumatic effect in rheumatoid joints through these mechanisms. (+info)
The transduction of rat submandibular glands by an adenoviral vector carrying the human growth hormone gene is associated with limited and reversible changes at the infusion site.
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Adenoviral vectors have been shown to efficiently deliver exogenous genes to salivary glands and have therefore been investigated as tools for the treatment of human disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of F344 rats to intraductal infusion of the right submandibular salivary gland with an adenoviral vector encoding the gene for human growth hormone (AdCMVhGH). Co-administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used to redirect the secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) from saliva into serum. This paper documents the findings of the pathology evaluation of this National Toxicology Program study. The right submandibular salivary gland (infusion site) was the primary target organ, with microscopic lesions characteristic of a mild to moderate insult observed at 3 days post infusion in vector exposed animals. These lesions were characterized by variable degrees of acute glandular inflammation, degeneration and necrosis, with more severe lesions in the higher dose groups. Rats at 28 days post infusion had milder inflammation, degeneration and necrosis compared to day 3 rats, with variable degrees of regeneration. In conclusion, the effects on the salivary glands are reversible as indicated by the milder inflammation and degeneration in the day 28 rats concomitant with mild to moderate regeneration. Therefore, the vector appears relatively innocuous with limited tissue toxicity. [The supplemental data referenced in this paper is not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. It is available as a downloadable file in the online edition of Toxicologic Pathology, 34(4). In order to access the full article online, you must have either an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org.]. (+info)
Fundus autofluorescence and mfERG for early detection of retinal alterations in patients using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the value of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in early detection of retinal alterations in patients using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ). METHODS: FAF imaging was performed in a consecutive series of 25 patients with long-term CQ or HCQ treatment (duration, >1 year), with or without visual disturbances. In addition, mfERG was performed in accordance with ISCEV (International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision) guidelines in 23/25 patients. RESULTS: In 10/25 patients alterations of FAF were observed. Mild changes were limited to a pericentral ring of increased FAF. More advanced stages presented as pericentral mottled loss of FAF with increased FAF in the adjacent retina and later on a complete loss of pericentral FAF. In one case, a pericentral ring was observed when ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography were normal. Marked progression of FAF abnormalities was observed during a 3-year follow-up in two of three patients. With the mfERG, pericentral, central, or generalized amplitude reductions were detected in all patients with FAF abnormalities and in an additional four patients with normal FAF. CONCLUSIONS: FAF imaging can be reliably used to detect early retinal pigment epithelial alterations in CQ/HCQ retinopathy. Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography appear to be less sensitive. With the mfERG, more retinal abnormalities were detected compared with FAF imaging. (+info)