A random model for mapping imprinted quantitative trait loci in a structured pedigree: an implication for mapping canine hip dysplasia.
(17/44)
Genetic imprinting may have played a more notable role in shaping embryonic development of plants, animals, and humans than previously appreciated. Quantitative trait loci that are imprinted (iQTL) exert monoallelic effects, depending on the parent of origin, which is an exception to the laws of Mendelian genetics. In this article, we present a modified random effect-based mapping model to use in a genome-wide scan for the distribution of iQTL that contribute to genetic variance for a complex trait in a structured pedigree. This model, implemented with the maximum likelihood method, capitalizes on a network of relatedness for maternally and paternally derived alleles through identical-by-descent sharing, thus allowing for the discrimination of the genetic variances due to alleles derived from maternal and paternal parents. The model was employed to map iQTL responsible for canine hip dysplasia in a multihierarchical canine pedigree, founded with seven greyhounds and six Labrador retrievers. Of eight significant QTL detected, three, located on CFA1, CFA8, and CF28, were found to trigger significant parent-of-origin effects on the age of femoral capital ossification measured at the left and right hips of a canine. The detected iQTL provide important candidate regions for fine-mapping of imprinted genes and for studying their structure and function in the control of complex traits. (+info)
Comparative vascular anatomy of the hip of the miniature dog and of the normal-size mongrel.
(18/44)
In order to investigate the aetiology of Perthes' disease in the dog the author has conducted a comparative anatomical study of the vascular system of the femoral heads in miniature dogs and in normal-size mongrels. The study was made in five three-months old miniature dogs and five age-matched normal-size mongrels, in which the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head was still open. The most distinct difference between the two species was in the channel of the superior retinacular vessels. In miniature dogs, these vessels go through the shallow neck and appear as a "suspended bridge". In normal-size mongrels they go through the deep fossa of the femoral neck and appear to be very rigidly stable. Although foveolar vessels in the round ligament were present in both species, no vessels were found in either species reaching the epiphysis by penetrating the articular cartilage at this stage of development. (+info)
Evaluation of serum chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan: biomarkers for osteoarthritis in canine hip dysplasia.
(19/44)
Hip dysplasia (HD) is one of the most important bone and joint diseases in dogs. Making the radiographic diagnosis is sometime possible when the disease has markedly progressed. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan (HA) are the most important cartilage biomolecules that are elevated in the serum taken from dogs with osteoarthritis. The serum CS and HA can be detected by an ELISA technique, with using monoclonal antibodies against CS epitope 3B3 and WF6 and the HA chain as the primary antibodies. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of serum CS (both epitopes) and HA in non-HD and HD dogs. All 123 dogs were categorized into 2 groups. The non-HD group was composed of 98 healthy dogs, while the HD group was comprised of 25 HD dogs. Blood samples were collected for analyzing the serum CS and HA levels with using the ELISA technique. The results showed that the average serum level of the CS epitope WF6 in the HD group (2,594 +/- 3,036.10 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the non-HD group (465 +/- 208.97 ng/ml) (p < 0.01) while the epitope 3B3 in the HD group (105 +/- 100.05 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in the non-HD group (136 +/- 142.03 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The amount of serum HA in the HD group (134.74 +/- 59.71 ng/ml) was lower than that in the non HD group (245.45 +/- 97.84 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the serum CS and HA levels might be used as biomarkers for osteoarthritis in HD dogs. (+info)
Quantitative evaluation of hip joint laxity in 22 Border Collies using computed tomography.
(20/44)
The purpose of this study was to obtain the computed tomography (CT) data for the hip joints of 22 Border Collies. The dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score, lateral center edge angle (LCEA), dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA) and center distance (CD) index were measured on the CT images in a weight-bearing position. Radiographic Norberg angle (NA) was also measured. The mean values were 45.7 +/- 10.2% for DLS score, 85.9 degrees +/- 10.3 degrees for LCEA, 18.5 degrees +/- 7.3 degrees for DARA, 0.40 +/- 0.17 for CD index and 102.7 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees for NA. Since the DLS score and LCEA showed strong correlation, combined use of these parameters might improve diagnostic accuracy. We consider CT evaluation in a weight-bearing position to be a useful method for multidirectional evaluation of hips. (+info)
The long (and winding) road to gene discovery for canine hip dysplasia.
(21/44)
The relationship between the size of caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte of the canine femoral neck and the radiographic view.
(24/44)
Caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO), an osteophyte at the site of joint capsule attachment on the caudal aspect of the femoral neck, has been advocated as a radiographic criterion for coxofemoral subluxation. The correlation between the presence of CCO on radiographs (radiographic-CCO), the size of the CCO (CCO index) on three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) images, and hip evaluation using transverse CT images was assessed in 22 Border Collies. CCOs were detected on the radiographs and CT images of 32% and 100% femurs, respectively. The CCO index correlated significantly with radiographic-CCO, but a large CCO index did not necessarily imply that the CCO was visible on radiographs. Hence, radiographic-CCO findings should be used cautiously in hip evaluation of Border Collies. (+info)