Mycotic aneurysm of the descending aorta with hemoptysis.
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Mycotic aneurysm of the descending aorta is usually described as rare. We present two recent cases of mycotic aneurysm of the descending aorta complicated with hemoptysis. Urgent tube graft replacements were successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass support. Bacterial causes of the aneurysms were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the first case and Staphylococcus aureus in the second case. Although the first patient died fifteenth months after surgery, the second patient remains well fourteenth months after the operation. (+info)
Clinics in diagnostic imaging (102).
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A 19-year-old man presented with cough and haemoptysis of ten days duration. He also had mild right hypochondrial pain. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) showed a rounded soft tissue density opacity with an air crescent sign. CT showed multiple cystic lesions in the liver with a daughter cyst in its lateral wall. Diagnosis of hydatid disease of lung and liver was made. The contents of the liver cyst were aspirated, hypertonic saline instilled, re-aspirated, and absolute alcohol injected. Hydatid disease is endemic in certain parts of the world. Although the lungs and liver are most frequently affected, the disease can arise in any part of the body and should be kept in differential diagnosis whenever a cystic lesion is encountered. Hydatid cysts typically demonstrate characteristic imaging findings, however, the appearances may become complicated due to cyst rupture or secondary infection. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice particularly in hepatic disease. CT best demonstrates cyst wall calcification and cyst infection. (+info)
Necrotic nasopharyngeal mucosa: an ominous MR sign of a carotid artery pseudoaneurysm.
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Massive hemoptysis is not commonly seen in patients who have nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It most often is the result of both radiation therapy and skull base infection. We present a practical imaging approach by using MR imaging and conventional angiography that may facilitate the prevention of such life-threatening bleeding and help provide effective control of infection. With the aid of these studies, clinicians may be able to manage this condition with more confidence. (+info)
A patient with insidious onset of exertional dyspnoea.
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The case history is presented of a 42 year old woman with pulmonary artery occlusion due to tuberculous vasculitis that masqueraded as chronic pulmonary artery embolism and led to severe life threatening haemoptysis necessitating emergency pneumonectomy. It is concluded that obliterative tuberculous endarteritis of the pulmonary arteries should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any acquired obstruction of pulmonary arteries. (+info)
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Clinical and roentgenological features in 26 cases.
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BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) may be classified as cryptogenic (idiopathic) and secondary. There are no clear clinical and radiological features distinguishing between idiopathic and secondary BOOP. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the etiologic factors, clinical and radiological features, diagnostic approach and response to therapy at onset and outcome in subjects with BOOP. METHODS: The medical files of Erciyes University Hospital from 1995 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with biopsy-proven BOOP were selected for evaluation. The etiology and initial features of BOOP, treatment, resolution, relapse, and survival were obtained from medical records, and a follow-up patient questionnaire. RESULTS: We have diagnosed 26 cases (13 males /13 females) with BOOP syndrome (mean age 54 +/- 15 years, range 14-93). More than half the patients (58%) were classified as idiopathic BOOP. Patients presented with cough (92%), dyspnea (70%), pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis and fever (50%). The biopsy specimens had been obtained by transbronchial and/or transthoracic lung biopsy in 18 cases (69%). At radiological evaluation, there were bilateral patchy alveolar and/or interstitial infiltrates in 16 patients (62%), and solitary pneumonic involvement in 10 patients (38%). Three patients recovered spontaneously, 5 remained cured after resection of the focal lesion. Corticosteroid therapy was given in 17 patients (65%). Apart from four patients who died (death was attributable to BOOP in only 1 patient) and three patients who relapsed, the prognosis was good in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of BOOP is usually idiopathic. We observed that hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain were a relatively frequent symptom in BOOP in the present series, in contrast to previous observations. The diversity of radiological and clinical presentations including hemotysis and pleuritic chest pain should prompt consideration of the diagnosis in patients with persisting pulmonary symptoms and radiological findings. (+info)
False lumen embolization for type B dissection complicated by hemoptysis.
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In this report, we describe successful treatment of a patient with hemoptysis by false lumen embolization of a type B aortic dissection. (+info)
Hemoptysis and coughing up of staples as a late complication of volume reduction surgery for emphysema.
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Three patients with very similar clinical symptoms, i.e. hemoptysis and coughing up of staples some time after volume-reducing surgery, are described. There was no deterioration in lung function, nor in the patient's well-being, which could be ascribed to the coughing up of the staples. Thus, staples can some time after volume reducing surgery erode out into the bronchi and be coughed up, often with some small amounts of blood. This has no clinical significance other than the disturbing symptoms. Possibly, the calf pericardium used as strenghtener of the suture lines will with time cause an immunological reaction, causing destruction of the foreign material and thereby dislodging the staples. (+info)
Dieulafoy's disease of the lung: a potential disaster for the bronchoscopist.
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Dieulafoy's disease of the lung is very rare. We present 2 cases, which are, to our knowledge, the 9th and 10th cases reported in the literature. Haemoptysis is the leading symptom of Dieulafoy's lesion of the lung. In spite of its rareness, the lesion is relevant to the bronchoscopist because a biopsy of the unobtrusive but characteristic bronchial manifestation can precipitate profuse arterial bleeding with a fatal outcome. The bleeding can occur immediately after the biopsy and/or after an interval of up to 12 days. Angiographic images document that this vascular malformation is based on a left-to-right shunt, with a bronchial artery draining into a pulmonary artery. Endobronchial ultrasound may be helpful in detecting the vascular nature of the lesion. (+info)