Laccase-catalysed polymeric dye synthesis from plant-derived phenols for potential application in hair dyeing: Enzymatic colourations driven by homo- or hetero-polymer synthesis.
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The association between prolonged occupational exposure to paraphenylenediamine (hair-dye) and renal impairment.
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INTRODUCTION: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is widely used in hair dyes and cosmetic skin application. PPD intoxication following oral ingestion could be an important cause of ARF in Sudan, Morocco and the Indian Subcontinent. Repeated and prolonged exposure to PPD may also be associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that covered six conveniently-chosen hairdressing saloons in Khartoum, Sudan. Hairdressers with regular professional exposure to PPD were evaluated for the presence of renal impairment (serum creatinine > or = 2 mg/dl) and other markers of kidney damage. RESULTS: The study included seventy-two females with a mean age of 40 +/- 8 years and a median duration of exposure to PPD of 6 years. Renal impairment, proteinuria and hematuria were observed in 14%, 26.4% and 41.1% of hair dressers, respectively. Hypertension, skin changes and bronchospasm were found in 19.4%, 38.9% and 22% of participants, respectively. Using pure forms of PPD significantly increased the risk of having elevated serum creatinine (OR 5.9; P = 0.02) and proteinuria (OR 9.8; P = 0.002) compared to manufactured forms with lower concentrations. Each additional year of exposure to PPD significantly increased the risk of having elevated serum creatinine (OR 1.3; P = 0.01), proteinuria (OR 1.4; P = 0.001) and hematuria (OR 1.1; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In this group of hairdressers with regular exposure to PPD, we observed high prevalence of renal impairment, proteinuria and hematuria. These findings were significantly associated with the use of pure forms of PPD and longer duration of exposure. (+info)
Hair dye use and risk of bladder cancer in the New England bladder cancer study.
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Personal use of hair dyes--increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Thailand.
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The use of hair dyes has been inconsistently associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. To further evaluate this possibility, we examined hair dye use and lymphoma risk in a case-control study in the Thai population. A total of 390 histologically confirmed incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 422 controls were included. Information on hair dye use was obtained through a personal interview together with information on other known risk factors of lymphoma. Analysis was performed using logistic regression; odds ratios (ORs) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Ever use of hair dyes was not associated with an increase risk of NHL both overall (OR=1.1, 95%CI 0.8-1.5) and in women (OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.9-2.3). However, NHL was significantly higher among persons who began using hair dyes before 1980 (OR=2.1, 95%CI 1.0-4.1). An increased risk was also observed among women who reported use of permanent hair dye product (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Analyses by NHL subtype showed an increased risk for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma among users of permanent hair dyes (OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.0-2.5) while follicular lymphoma was associated with the use of dark-colored dyes (OR=3.7, 95%CI 1.1-12.8). No association was observed with duration of use, nor total lifetime applications. These results indicate that personal hair dye use may play role in risks of NHL among person who used hair dyes before 1980. (+info)