Agromyces ulmi sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from Ulmus nigra in Spain.
(65/357)
Two xylan-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from a decayed Ulmus nigra tree in Spain. The isolates were Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic and formed substrate mycelium which fragmented into irregular rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates form a separate branch within the genus Agromyces phylogenetic cluster, with Agromyces mediolanus DSM 20152(T) being their closest relative (97.7 and 97.6 % sequence similarity). Catalase, nitrate reduction and urease tests differentiated these strains from A. mediolanus. Cell-wall peptidoglycan composition, major menaquinone, predominant fatty acids and phospholipid pattern were typical of the genus Agromyces. The DNA G+C content determined for the type strain XIL01(T) was 72 mol%. Based on the data presented, a novel species Agromyces ulmi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XIL01(T) (=LMG 21954(T)=DSM 15747(T)). (+info)
Bacillus asahii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil with the ability to deodorize the bad smell generated from short-chain fatty acids.
(66/357)
In a screening campaign to isolate strains with the ability to remove the bad smell associated with animal faeces, strain MA001(T) was isolated from a soil sample obtained from Shizuoka prefecture, Japan. The isolate grew at pH 6-9 but not at pH 10. Cells were Gram-positive, straight rods with peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal spores. The isolate was positive for catalase and oxidase tests but negative for indole production, deamination of phenylalanine and H(2)S production. The isolate did not produce acid from any carbohydrates tested and could not grow in more than 2 % NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 39.4 mol%. The cellular fatty acids profile consisted of significant amount of C(15) branched-chain fatty acids, iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that strain MA001(T) was closely related to Bacillus simplex and Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness of the isolate to several phylogenetically close neighbours (less than 9 %). On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics observed, phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is concluded that the isolate should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Bacillus asahii is proposed. The type strain is MA001(T) (=JCM 12112(T)=NCIMB 13969(T)). (+info)
Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans sp. nov., a novel alkaliphile exhibiting high catalase activity.
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A novel alkaliphile was isolated from a drain of a fish processing plant. The isolate grew at a pH range of 7-10. Cells were Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, motile rods with peritrichous flagella. Colonies were orange or yellow in colour. Catalase and oxidase reactions were positive. The isolate grew in 0-12 % NaCl but not above 15 % NaCl. Its cell extract exhibited 567 times higher catalase activity than an Escherichia coli cell extract. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(13 : 0), anteiso-C(13 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 1). Its DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain T-2-2(T) is a member of the genus Exiguobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed a low relatedness of the isolate to several phylogenetic neighbours (less than 25 %). On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a novel species, for which the name Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T-2-2(T) (=JCM 12280(T)=NCIMB 13980(T)). (+info)
Geobacillus gargensis sp. nov., a novel thermophile from a hot spring, and the reclassification of Bacillus vulcani as Geobacillus vulcani comb. nov.
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A novel thermophilic spore-forming strain, Ga(T), was isolated from the Garga hot spring located in the northern part of the Transbaikal region (Russia). Strain Ga(T) was found to be an aerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, thermophilic (optimum growth temperature is 60-65 degrees C), chemo-organotrophic bacterium that grows on various sugars, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. The G+C content of its DNA is 52.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity data show that strain Ga(T) is closely related to members of the genus Geobacillus. Relevant chemotaxonomic data (in particular, the major fatty acid profile of strain Ga(T), which includes iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 acids) support the assignment of this strain to the genus Geobacillus. The physiological, biochemical and DNA-DNA hybridization studies of strain Ga(T) showed that it differs both genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized Geobacillus species. Based on these data, strain Ga(T) belongs to a novel species, Geobacillus gargensis sp. nov. (type strain, Ga(T)=VKM B-2300(T)=DSM 15378(T)). The analysis of the phenotypic characteristics (additional to those given in the original description) of the type strain of Bacillus vulcani (DSM 13174(T)) showed that they are very similar to the major phenotypic characteristics of the genus Geobacillus. The low DNA-DNA reassociation values of strain DSM 13174(T) with various species of this genus (from 38 to 54 %) clearly demonstrate a sufficient genomic distinction of this strain and its taxonomic status as a species. The physiological characteristics, phylogenetic position and DNA-DNA reassociation values of B. vulcani allow this species to be reclassified as Geobacillus vulcani comb. nov. The main properties that differentiate G. vulcani from the other species of the genus are its ability to produce acids from glycerol, lactose and ribose. (+info)
Halomonas koreensis sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern in Korea.
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A moderately halophilic bacterium, strain SS20(T), capable of growing at salinities of 1-20 % (w/v) NaCl was isolated from a solar saltern of the Dangjin area in Korea and was characterized taxonomically. Strain SS20(T) was a Gram-negative bacterium comprising motile, short rods. Its major cellular fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(19 : 0)omega8c cyclo and C(16 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 70 mol% and the predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SS20(T) belonged to the genus Halomonas. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of Halomonas species were in the range 93.0-97.5 %. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SS20(T) and the type strains of phylogenetically closely related Halomonas species were in the range 5.3-12.3 %. On the basis of physiological and molecular properties, strain SS20(T) represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS20(T) (=KCTC 12127(T)=JCM 12237(T)). (+info)
Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus sp. nov., isolated from an alpine ice cave.
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On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, a novel species belonging to the genus Arthrobacter is described. A facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, strain AG31(T), was isolated from an alpine ice cave. The aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile strain exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment. Good growth and phenol biodegradation occurred at a temperature range of 1-25 degrees C. Up to 10 mM phenol was utilized as a sole carbon source. Glucose was not assimilated. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain AG31(T) represents a distinct lineage within the genus Arthrobacter, being most closely related to Arthrobacter sulfureus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strain of A. sulfureus was 29.9 %. Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the predominant fatty acid (72 %). Strain AG31(T) exhibited A4alpha l-lys-l-Glu-type peptidoglycan and contained glucose as the only cell-wall sugar. MK-10 was the predominant menaquinone, and the polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. Strain AG31(T) (=DSM 15454(T)=LMG 21914(T)) is assigned as the type strain of a novel Arthrobacter species, Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus sp. nov. (+info)
Brevibacterium celere sp. nov., isolated from degraded thallus of a brown alga.
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Two whitish yellow, Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacteria were isolated from enrichment culture during degradation of the thallus of the brown alga Fucus evanescens. The bacteria studied were chemo-organotrophic, mesophilic and grew well on nutrient media containing up to 15 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 61 mol%. The two isolates exhibited a conspecific DNA-DNA relatedness value of 98 %, indicating that they belong to the same species. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KMM 3637(T) formed a distinct phyletic lineage in the genus Brevibacterium (family Brevibacteriaceae, class Actinobacteria) and showed the highest sequence similarity (about 97 %) to Brevibacterium casei. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated 45 % binding with the DNA of B. casei DSM 20657(T). Physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics (meso-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan, major cellular fatty acids 15 : 0ai and 17 : 0ai) of the bacteria studied were consistent with the genomic and phylogenetic data. On the basis of the results of this study, a novel species, Brevibacterium celere sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3637(T) (=DSM 15453(T)=ATCC BAA-809(T)). (+info)
Bacillus vietnamensis sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce.
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Five strains of Gram-positive, endospore-forming, moderately halotolerant bacteria were studied taxonomically. Four were isolated from Vietnamese fish sauce and one from the Gulf of Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains clustered within the radiation of the genus Bacillus but separately from recognized Bacillus species. DNA G+C composition of the isolates ranged from 43 to 44 mol%. Strains 15-1(T) and NRRL B-14850 showed high levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (82-100 %) to each other and to the other strains isolated here; they displayed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (<29 %) to the type strains of selected recognized Bacillus species. They grew in 15 % NaCl and optimally in 1 % NaCl, which is characteristic of moderately halotolerant bacteria. The isolates grew at pH 6.5 to 10.0 but not at pH 6.0. Their cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the principal cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Based on these results, the strains tested were regarded as members of a novel Bacillus species for which the name Bacillus vietnamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15-1(T) (=JCM 11124(T)=NRIC 0531(T)=NRRL 23890(T)). (+info)