Diagnostic accuracy of class 1 integron PCR method in detection of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from swine production systems.
(65/136)
Assessment of Korean farmer's exposure level to dust in pig buildings.
(68/136)
The purpose of the study was to assess Korean farmer's exposure level to dust in pig buildings and dust emissions by investigating airborne concentrations of total and respirable dust. Five main types of pig buildings operating currently in Korea were selected. For area air sampling, 30 sites per each building type were visited during spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) seasons. For personal air sampling, concentrations of total and respirable dust were measured for 2-3 hours, during cleaning the pig building before the end of the daily shift, by attaching air sampling equipment near to the farmer's breathing zone. Measurement were taken for 8 hours, e.g. average daily work time (09:00-17:00), at 0.5 m above the floor at three locations on the central alley in the pig building. Emission rates of total and respirable dust were estimated by multiplying the mean concentration of total and respirable dust measured near the air outlet by the mean ventilation rate, and expressed either per area or per pig of live weight. The ranges of farmer's exposure level to total dust and respirable dust in the pig buildings were estimated as 0.6-6.7 mg m(-3) and 0.3-3.5 mg m(-3), respectively. The pig buildings operated with a deep-litter bed system showed the highest dust level while the naturally ventilated pig buildings with slats represented the lowest dust level (p<0.05). Emission rates ranged from 35-400 mg h(-1) m(-2) for total dust and from 4-40 mg h(-1) m(-2) for respirable dust, respectively, indicating a similar pattern for the distribution of exposure level. Korean farmers' exposure level to dust in all the pig buildings investigated was below the exposure limit value equal in Korea equal to 10 mg m(-3), while it exceeded the threshold limit values (TLVs) established in other developed countries. In comparison with previous studies performed in other countries, mean exposure level in the pig buildings of Korea was generally lower for total dust and higher for respirable dust based on the area sampling method. (+info)
Activity of Tri-N-Butyl Tin maleate in carpets against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, verified through two methodologies: Inhibition Halo (HZ) and Inhibition Surface (Print).
(69/136)
Effects of multiple concurrent stressors on rectal temperature, blood acid-base status, and longissimus muscle glycolytic potential in market-weight pigs.
(71/136)
A method for the low-level (ng/g) determination of perfluorooctanoate in carpet by LC-MS-MS using matrix extracted standards.
(72/136)
Fluorotelomer-based acrylic polymers are applied to the surface of carpet to impart oil, stain, and water repellence properties. Concerns that fluorotelomer-based polymers are a possible source of "low level" exposure to humans, coupled with their widespread use have prompted the need to develop a method to detect and measure perfluorooctanoate (PFO) in carpet. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of PFO in carpet using a dual labeled 13C-perfluoroctanoic acid (13C-PFOA) internal standard is successfully developed and validated. Levels of PFO are determined using a gradient, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with acetic acid acidified water-methanol, separated on a 50 mm Phenomenex Synergi Polar RP column. Ions monitored are 413 (parent) and 369 (daughter) for PFO and 415 (parent) and 370 (daughter) for dual labeled 13C-PFOA internal standard. Accuracy and precision over three days for 5 to 900 ng/g PFO in carpet ranged from 2.4% to 7.6% and 3.7% to 14.1%, respectively. Overall extraction efficiency for samples (n=30) fortified with 13C-PFOA at 20 ng/g and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at 5, 50, and 500 ng/g is 98.9%+/-8.1%. Specificity of the method was evaluated with two different carpet samples. (+info)