Altered pharmacokinetics of cationic drugs caused by down-regulation of renal rat organic cation transporter 2 (Slc22a2) and rat multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (Slc47a1) in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.
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Famotidine versus pantoprazole for preventing bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
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BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation increases risk for bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Proton pump inhibitors, although they are more potent and longer acting inhibitors of gastric acid production than are histamine(2) antagonists, also are generally more expensive. Data comparing the 2 types of agents for preventing gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients are limited. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of famotidine (a histamine(2) antagonist) and pantoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) in preventing stress ulcers in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Data were collected from the Project Impact database. All patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours from November 2002 to June 2006 and were treated with either drug were included. Patients receiving other drugs or with known bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, thrombocytopenia, or coagulopathy were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 522 patients who received famotidine and 95 who received pantoprazole were included. Bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract was more common in patients receiving pantoprazole than in patients receiving famotidine (0.38% vs 3.2%, P= .03). Although scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II were higher in patients who received pantoprazole (P= .01), other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups. Bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract was more frequent among dialysis patients receiving pantoprazole than among those receiving famotidine. CONCLUSIONS: Famotidine and pantoprazole are similarly effective for preventing bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. (+info)
Formulation design of taste-masked particles, including famotidine, for an oral fast-disintegrating dosage form.
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In this study, the taste-masking of famotidine, which could apply to any fast-disintegrating tablet, was investigated using the spray-dry method. The target characteristics of taste-masked particles were set as follows: the dissolution rate is not to be more than 30% at 1 min and not less than 85% at 15 min, and the particle size is not to be more than 150 microm in diameter to avoid a gritty feeling in the mouth. The target dissolution profiles of spray-dried particles consisting of Aquacoat ECD30 and Eudragit NE30D or triacetin was accomplished by the screening of formulas and the appropriate lab-scale manufacturing conditions. Lab-scale testing produced taste-masked particles that met the formulation targets. On the pilot scale, spray-dried particles with attributes, such as dissolution rate and particle size, of the same quality were produced, and reproducibility was also confirmed. This confirmed that the spray-dry method produced the most appropriate taste-masked particles for fast-disintegrating dosage forms. (+info)
Preparation and evaluation of taste masked famotidine formulation using drug/beta-cyclodextrin/polymer ternary complexation approach.
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Formulation design of an oral, fast-disintegrating dosage form containing taste-masked particles of famotidine.
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A fast-disintegrating dosage form has been developed as a user-friendly formulation that disintegrates in the mouth immediately. Patients can take it without water like a liquid formulation. In this study famotidine taste-masking technology was applied to the new fast-disintegrating tablet in an attempt to produce a novel, taste-masked, fast-disintegrating tablet. Partial granulation was found to be an effective and practical way to address content uniformity, however, oral disintegration time tended to become longer as content uniformity improved. The disintegration time was improved considerably by controlling ambient humidity during the compression process (>50% RH). Furthermore, since the new fast-disintegrating technology made it possible to use low compression force, there was no change in the structure or dissolution rate of the taste-masked particles after compression. Therefore, this system can produce a taste-masked fast-disintegrating tablet with satisfactory attributes. (+info)
Can negative cardiac effect of proton pump inhibitor and high-dose H2-blocker have clinical influence on patients with stable angina?
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