Dose-response relationships for N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine induced by low-dose [14C]ethylene oxide: evidence for a novel mechanism of endogenous adduct formation.
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Estimating the incidence of leukemia attributable to occupational exposure in Iran.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim this study was to estimate the fraction of leukemia incidence in Iran attributable to occupational exposure to benzene, ionizing radiation, and ethylene oxide. METHODS: Nationwide exposure to each of these leukemogens was estimated using workforce data available at the ILO (International Labor Organization) website. The prevalence of exposure to leukemogens in each industry was estimated using exposure data from the CAREX (CARcinogen EXposure) database. The magnitude of the relative risk of leukemia for each leukemogen was from published literature. Using the Levin's population attributable risk (incidence), fractions of leukemia incidences attributed to workplace leukemogens were then estimated. RESULTS: The total workforce in Iran according to the 1995 census included 12,488,020 men and 677,469 women. Agriculture was the largest sector with 24.5% of the males and 0.27% of the females, and the electricals-related sector was the smallest with 1.16% of the males and 0.66% of the females. After applying the CAREX exposure estimates to each sector, the proportion exposed to leukemogens was 0.016% for male workers and 0.02% for female workers. Estimating a relative risk of 3.6 (95% CI of 3.2-4.2) for high exposure and 1.9 (95% CI 1.7-2.1) for low exposure and employing the Levin's formula, the fraction of leukemia attributed to leukemogens in the workplaces among females was 3.6% (95% CI of 3.1-4.5) and among males was 7.6% (95% CI of 6.4-9.2). These fractions corresponded to estimated incidences of 0.60 (95% CI of 0.50-0.70) and 0.22 (95% CI of 0.16-0.23) cases of leukemia per 100,000 populations for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of leukemia due to occupational exposure is very low in Iran, although males are at greater risk than females. (+info)
Characterization of the chronic risk and hazard of hazardous air pollutants in the United States using ambient monitoring data.
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A cathepsin L-specific inhibitor preferentially inhibits degradation of autophagosomal LC3 and GABARAP in HeLa and Huh-7 cells.
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CAA0225 ((2S,3S)-oxirane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-[((S)-1-benzylcarbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-amide] 3-{[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide}) is a cathepsin L-specific inhibitor recently selected out by extensive screening of a series of new epoxysuccinyl peptides. CAA0225 inhibited rat liver cathepsin L with IC(50) values of 1.9 nM, but not rat liver cathepsin B (IC(50), >1,000-5,000 nM). We compared effects of CAA0225 on autophagy with those of CA-074 that was previously developed as a cathepsin B-specific inhibitor. In HeLa and Huh-7 cells cultured under nutrient-deprived conditions both CAA0225 and CA-074 significantly and comparably inhibited degradation of long-lived proteins. Meanwhile, CAA0225 effectively inhibited degradation of LC3-II and GABARAP, whereas CA-074-OMe had only a marginal effect on their levels. Therefore, cathepsin L does not seem to play a general role in the degradation of proteins in the lumen of autophagosomes, but is involved more specifically in the degradation of autophagosomal membrane markers. (+info)
Influence of peptide ligand surface density and ethylene oxide spacer arm on the capture of porcine parvovirus.
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Effects of food-simulating liquids on the mechanical properties of a silorane-based dental composite.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of food-simulating liquids (FSL) on the hardness and flexural strength (FS) of a new silorane-based composite and to compare it with methacrylate-based composites (MBCs). Four restorative materials (Filtek Silorane, P60, Z250, and Supreme XT) were used. Specimens for the FS and hardness measurements were fabricated in customized molds. Immediately after polymerization, the materials were stored in the following dietary simulating solvents at 37 degrees C for 1 week: distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, heptane, and 75% aqueous ethanol solution. After conditioning, the FS and hardness values were measured. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's test at a significance level of 0.05. The hardness and FS of Filtek Silorane were not significantly affected by FSL (p>0.05). Conversely, the hardness of MBCs significantly decreased after conditioning in water and ethanol (p<0.05). Similarly, the FS values of MBCs were significantly affected after conditioning in ethanol. (+info)
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 inhibition: combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics studies of the inhibition mechanism of (4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl)methylthiirane and its oxirane analogue.
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