Episiotomy in modern obstetrics--necessity versus malpractice.
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Episiotomy is now one of the most common procedures performed in obstetrics. At the beginning of its existence, it was performed very carefully and used in exceptional circumstances. In the second half of the twentieth century, its use became so widespread that it was almost regarded as a standard procedure in labor rooms. Authors intend to provide answers to the question as to whether it was an appropriate move in this discussion. Undoubtedly, there are reasons for which an incision is an appropriate decision, sometimes necessary, but in recent years its usefulness and relevance, in particular its routine, too widespread use are starting to be increasingly questioned and subjected to doubt, both by various women's organizations, individuals interested in the issue, stakeholders, as well as professionals. Poland is still one of the few European countries where routine episiotomy is so far regarded as an important and recognized part of patient management during almost every childbirth taking place in a hospital setting. This topic currently causes broad discussion in the media, the press and among the public. Hence, the aim of this work is to discuss key issues on episiotomy, the arguments for and against episiotomy based on literature review and available studies and reports. It is also going to present the opinion of different authors and the existing differences in their views on the above issue. (+info)
Obstetric sphincter injury interacts with diarrhea and urgency to increase the risk of fecal incontinence in women with irritable bowel syndrome.
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Risk of recurrence, subsequent mode of birth and morbidity for women who experienced severe perineal trauma in a first birth in New South Wales between 2000-2008: a population based data linkage study.
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West Berkshire perineal management trial: three year follow up.
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Women who had participated in a randomised controlled trial of policies of restricted (10%) versus liberal (51%) episiotomy during spontaneous vaginal delivery were recontacted by postal questionnaire three years after delivery. Altogether 674 out of 1000 responded, and there was no evidence of a differential response rate between the two trial groups. Similar numbers of women in the two groups reported further deliveries, almost all of which had been vaginal and spontaneous. Fewer women allocated to restrictive use of episiotomy required perineal suturing after subsequent delivery, but this difference was not significant. Pain during sexual intercourse and incontinence of urine were equally reported in the two groups. The similarity in incontinence rates persisted when severity, type of incontinence, and subsequent deliveries were taken into account. Liberal use of episiotomy does not seem to prevent urinary incontinence or increase long term dyspareunia. (+info)