Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in prison inmates, Azerbaijan.
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In a tuberculosis (TB) program in the Central Penitentiary Hospital of Azerbaijan, we analyzed 65 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. From 11 clusters associated with 33 patients, 31 isolates had an IS6110-based banding pattern characteristic of the Beijing genotype of M. tuberculosis. In addition, 15 M. tuberculosis isolates with similar RFLP patterns constituted a single group by spoligotyping, matching the Beijing genotype. Multidrug resistance, always involving isoniazid and rifampin, was seen in 34 (52.3%) of 65 isolates, with 28 belonging to the Beijing genotype. (+info)
Rapid emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae containing multiple gentamicin resistance-associated integrons in a Dutch hospital.
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In a hematology unit in the Netherlands, the incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli increased from from 1996 to 1999. Clonal spread of single genotypes of both ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae from patient to patient was documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA. In addition, genetically heterogeneous strains were isolated regularly. Integrons associated with gentamicin resistance were detected in Enterobacter cloacae and E. coli strains. Integron-containing E. coli were detected in all hematology wards. In contrast, in Enterobacter cloacae strains two integron types were encountered only in the isolates from one ward. Although in all patients identical antibiotic regimens were used for selective decontamination, we documented clear differences with respect to the nosocomial emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacterial strains and gentamicin resistance-associated integrons. (+info)
Fluoroquinolone resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong linked to the Spanish 23F clone.
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Serotypes 6A/B, 19F, and 23F accounted for 73% of 140 mucosal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Hong Kong. In pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, a group of related patterns was shared by 14 of 15 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 12 of 16 ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates. These strains exhibited capsular switching and were highly similar to the Spanish 23F clone. (+info)
Detection of transposon Tn5432-mediated macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in cutaneous propionibacteria from six European cities.
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Forty-five cutaneous propionibacterial isolates from six European cities were found to be highly resistant to all macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics, including the ketolide telithromycin. This contrasts with previously documented phenotypes associated with 23S rRNA mutations. Sequencing of the resistance determinant showed it to be erm(X) of corynebacterial origin located on the composite transposon Tn5432. (+info)
Fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae belonging to international multiresistant clones.
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Twenty-nine fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a collection of isolates from the Alexander Project (1992-1997) and a study from Northern Ireland were identified on the basis of ofloxacin MICs > or = 4 mg/L. DNA fingerprint analyses using BOX-fingerprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed serotype 9V and 23F high-level FQ-resistant strains indistinguishable from the pandemic Spain(23F)-1 and Spain(9V)-3 clones, the type strains of which are low-level resistant or susceptible to the fluoroquinolones. (+info)
Comparative in vitro activity of ABT-773 and two macrolides against staphylococci.
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The anti-staphylococcal activity of ABT-773, a new member of the ketolides, was examined and compared with those of erythromycin and clarithromycin using the agar dilution method. A total of 336 well-defined clinical isolates of staphylococci, including a large number of clonally different methicillin-resistant strains with defined macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance phenotypes were tested. The novel ketolide exhibited broad-spectrum anti-staphylococcal activity against both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains. Apart from strains with constitutive expression of MLS(B) resistance, all staphylococcal strains tested were inhibited by < or = 0.063 mg/L of ABT-773, irrespective of the resistance phenotype for methicillin. (+info)
Short-term effect of the application of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on different body site reservoir ICU patients colonized by multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
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The effect of a selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) regimen including polymyxin and tobramycin on several body site reservoirs was compared between a test group and a control group in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with faecal multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii colonization. SDD significantly reduced faecal and pharyngeal carriage when compared with the control group at the end of ICU stay (48% versus 91%, P = 0.001, and 38.5% versus 78%, P = 0.01, respectively), but failed to reduce axillary colonization (75% versus 78%, P = 0.6). In addition, the isolation of A. baumannii from new clinical samples was lower in patients with SDD (45.5% versus 81%, P = 0.05). No resistance to polymyxin was observed. We conclude that the digestive tract reservoir of A. baumannii in ICU patients may be decreased by a SDD regimen. (+info)
Emergence of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive clones in Canada.
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Distinctive international clones of penicillin-nonsusceptible and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are increasingly being reported. We investigated the spread of these clones in Canada through an active surveillance that was carried out at 11 Canadian pediatric tertiary care centers from 1991 to 1998. All penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were serotyped, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Forty-five penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates were evaluated. Eleven serotype 9V isolates and six serotype 14 isolates displayed identical RAPD and PFGE fingerprint profiles. Twelve (70%) of these isolates were encountered in Quebec. The 9V/14 clone and the Spanish-French clone had similar PFGE fingerprint patterns. Eight isolates of serotype 23F and two isolates of serogroup 14 had the same fingerprint profiles and displayed resistance to three or more antibiotic drug classes. This clone was first detected in Calgary (Alberta) and in 1996 appeared simultaneously in various regions of Canada. This clone showed a PFGE fingerprint pattern similar to that of the Spanish-U.S. 23F clone. Our data show the emergence across Canada of two international clones of penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae: (i) serotypes 9V and 14 related to the Spanish-French clone and (ii) the 23F Spanish-U.S. clone. The source of the first clone was in Quebec and the second international clone was probably originated from the United States. The exact reasons for the successful spread of these clones within Canada and their contribution to increased resistance to antibiotics have yet to be explored. (+info)