Arrested eruption of the permanent lower second molar. (1/423)

The incidence of retention/impaction of the permanent lower second molar (M2inf) lies between 0.6/1000 and 3/1000. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the craniofacial morphology, the frequency of dental anomalies and the inclination of the affected M2inf and the adjacent first molar in patients with arrested eruption of M2inf. The overall goal was to elucidate the aetiology of arrested tooth eruption and to present the characteristics of these patients in order to improve diagnosis and treatment planning. Radiographic material (profile radiographs and orthopantomograms) from 19 patients (nine females and 10 males; 13-19 years of age at the time of referral) were analysed. The ages of the patients when profile radiographs were taken for cephalometric analysis varied from 8 to 16 years. The study shows that this group of patients, compared with a reference group, had an increased sagittal jaw relationship (Class II). Specifically, the mandibular prognathism was less, the mandibular gonial angle smaller, the mandibular alveolar prognathism enlarged and the maxillary incisor inclination less than in the reference group. Furthermore, this group of patients had a more frequent occurrence of morphological tooth anomalies, such as root deflections, invaginations, and taurodontism. However, none of the patients with arrested eruption of M2inf had agenesis of the lower third molar. The study did not reveal an association between the degree of inclination of the M2inf and that of the first molar in the same region. The results of this investigation show that conditions such as the craniofacial morphology and deviations in the dentition are associated with arrested eruption of M2inf. Therefore, it is important to evaluate these conditions in future diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with arrested eruption of M2inf.  (+info)

Description of Mogibacterium pumilum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Mogibacterium vescum gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of Eubacterium timidum (Holdeman et al. 1980) as Mogibacterium timidum gen. nov., comb. nov. (2/423)

A new genus, Mogibacterium, is proposed for anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria which have been isolated from the periodontal pockets of adult human patients with periodontal disease and infected root canals. The novel isolates, strains D2-18T, BA11a-f and D5-2T, were inert in most of the conventional biochemical tests and phenotypically resemble asaccharolytic Eubacterium species. The protein profiles of whole cells on SDS-PAGE gels and Western immunoblotting reaction analysis distinguished these organisms from type strains belonging to the previously described Eubacterium species. The G + C content of the DNA is 45-46 mol% for Mogibacterium pumilum and 46 mol% for Mogibacterium vescum. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of these new species to other Eubacterium species, including Eubacterium limosum, Eubacterium brachy, Eubacterium lentum, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium saphenum, and the more recently proposed Eubacterium minutum and Eubacterium exiguum (reclassified as Slackia exigua), are less than 2%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between M. pumilum and M. vescum was 30%. Eubacterium timidum exhibited DNA homologies with Mogibacterium species which were low (17 and 18%) but clearly higher than with all the other Eubacterium species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the closest phylogenetic neighbour of Mogibacterium species was E. timidum, and that these three species represent a novel lineage distinct from the previously described genera of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, it is also proposed that E. timidum is transferred to the genus Mogibacterium gen. nov. as Mogibacterium timidum gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 33093T).  (+info)

Characterization of Actinomyces isolates from infected root canals of teeth: description of Actinomyces radicidentis sp. nov. (3/423)

Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains closely resembled each other phenotypically but were distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene-sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, we propose that the unknown bacterium isolated from human clinical specimens be classified as Actinomyces radicidentis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces radicidentis is CCUG 36733.  (+info)

Application of high resolution microfocus X-ray CT for the observation of human tooth. (4/423)

The calcification degree of extracted human teeth was observed by using high resolution microfocus X-ray CT. As samples, upper and lower first premolars extracted from a 21-year-old female were used. The computed tomograms were produced by high resolution microfocus X-ray CT with a open vacuum X-ray source, rotating sample stage, and image sensor. The distinction between enamel and dentin was very clear, and the shape of the pulp cavity was also clearly identified. The secondary dentin was visible in the circumpulpal dentin. The color map displays showed the heterogeneity of the calcification degree not only in the dentin but also in the enamel. The enamel was divided into three layers according to the calcification degree. High resolution microfocus X-ray CT was very useful for the observation of the internal structure of human teeth without destroying the samples.  (+info)

Unusual maxillary first molar with 2 palatal canals within a single root: a case report. (5/423)

A case report is presented regarding a maxillary first molar with 5 canals. The morphology is atypical because it is characterized by a single palatal root with 2 canals with separate orifices joining in the apical third. A literature review pertaining to the morphology of maxillary first molars is discussed. Modifications to the normal access opening and examination of the pulpal floor for additional canals are stressed.  (+info)

Effect of NaClO treatment on bonding to root canal dentin using a new evaluation method. (6/423)

The purposes of this study were to investigate the reliability and efficiency of a new evaluation method for resin bonding to root canal dentin, which measures both marginal adaptation and shear bond strength simultaneously, and to determine the effects of root canal irrigants on resin bonding. A wet bonding system (Single Bond) and a self-etching primer system (Clearfil Mega Bond) were employed; NaClO was used as a root canal irrigant. No gaps or changes in bond strength were observed despite the NaClO treatment when the wet bonding system was employed, while the gap formation ratio increased, and bond strength decreased with longer NaClO treatment time when the self-etching primer system was employed. These findings suggested that this new experimental method was effective for evaluating resin systems to the root canal wall dentin which is affected by irrigation with NaClO.  (+info)

The formation of apical delta of the permanent teeth in dogs. (7/423)

To determine the process of formation of apical delta, a histological study on the permanent teeth was carried out in dogs. A litter of 7 clinically healthy beagle dogs and 33 adult dogs (4- to 15- year-old) of 12 breeds with periodontal disease were used for the experiments. Teeth extracted from 6-,7-,8- and 9-month-old beagles were sectioned and stained with HE solution. Tooth roots obtained from adult dogs with periodontal disease were ground. Each tooth was classified into the following root types under a light microscope: Type I (no apical delta = no apical closure), II (few apical delta), IIIA (low apical delta) and IIIB (high apical delta). In the 6-month-old beagles, more than half the tooth roots were classified as type I. In the 7-month-old beagles, type IIIB apical delta was the most predominant and types I, II and IIIA apical delta were occassionally seen. Apical closure and delta were observed in all beagles at 8 months of age histologically. In the 8- and 9-month-old beagles, all root apexes observed were type IIIB. Most of the 314 tooth roots extracted from 33 adult dogs were type IIIB, but a few were type IIIA.  (+info)

Molecular identification of microorganisms from endodontic infections. (8/423)

A relatively wide range of bacteria have been isolated from root canals using standard culture techniques. However, only 50% of the bacteria in the oral cavity are cultivable (S. S. Socransky et al., Arch. Oral Biol. 8:278-280, 1963); hence, bacterial diversity in endodontic infections is underestimated. This study used a PCR-based 16S rRNA gene assay, followed by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons from a small subset of samples to assess the diversity of bacteria present in infected root canals. A total of 41 clinical samples from 15 de novo and 26 refractory cases of endodontic infections were assessed. Of these samples, 44% were positive by culture and 68% were positive by PCR. Eight samples were selected for further analysis. Of these, the two de novo cases yielded sequences related to those of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus and two clones were related to previously uncultivated bacteria, while the sinus-associated, de novo case yielded sequences related to those of the genera Lactobacillus, Pantoea, Prevotella, and Selenomonas. The five refractory cases produced clones which were related to the genera Capnocytophaga, Cytophaga, Dialister, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Gemella, Mogibacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, Selenomonas, Solobacterium, Streptococcus, and Veillonella and two clones representing previously uncultivated bacteria. The phylogenetic positions of several clones associated with the Clostridiaceae and Sporomusa subgroups of the Firmicutes grouping are also shown. This study demonstrates that molecular techniques can detect the presence of bacteria in endodontic infections when culture techniques yield a negative result and can be used to identify a wider range of endodontic-infection-related bacteria including the presence of previously unidentified or unculturable bacteria.  (+info)