Catenulispora acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel, mycelium-forming actinomycete, and proposal of Catenulisporaceae fam. nov.
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A novel, Gram-positive bacterial strain was isolated from forest soil. Among species with validly published names, the 16S rRNA gene sequence is related most closely (approx. 93 % similarity) to that of Sporichthya polymorpha DSM 43042(T). However, differently from this species, it forms both vegetative and aerial mycelia. The aerial hyphae are straight to slightly flexuous, starting to septate to form chains of more than 20 cylindrical spores with a rugose surface. The strain is acidophilic, with a pH range for robust growth between 4.3 and 6.8 and an optimum around 6.0. The peptidoglycan type is A3gamma ll-Dpm-Gly. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and two unknown phospholipids. Predominant menaquinones are MK-9(H(6)) and -9(H(4)), and iso- and anteiso-branched C(16 : 0) and C(17 : 0) are the main cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content is 71.9 mol%. The distinct phylogenetic position and the unusual combination of chemotaxonomic characteristics justify the proposal of Catenulispora gen. nov., with the type species Catenulispora acidiphila sp. nov. (type strain, ID139908(T) =DSM 44928(T)=NRRL B-24433(T)). Catenulisporaceae fam. nov. is also proposed. (+info)
Actinospica robiniae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Actinospica acidiphila sp. nov.: proposal for Actinospicaceae fam. nov. and Catenulisporinae subord. nov. in the order Actinomycetales.
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Two novel Gram-positive, acidophilic bacterial strains were isolated from forest soil. According to their 16S rRNA gene sequences, these strains are related closely to each other and form a distinct cluster within the order Actinomycetales. They show the typical features of filamentous actinomycetes, with branched vegetative hyphae and production of aerial hyphae. The distinct phylogenetic positions and the combination of chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains justify the proposal of Actinospica gen. nov. Both strains display 3-hydroxydiaminopimelic acid plus traces of meso-diaminopimelic acid, the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, methylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, the predominant cellular fatty acids i-C(15 : 0), i-C(16 : 0) and ai-C(15 : 0) and the whole-cell sugars mannose and rhamnose. They differ in the fatty acid profiles, in the quantitative ratios of the major menaquinones MK-9(H(4)), MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)) and in the occurrence of additional whole-cell sugars (arabinose and xylose in strain GE134766(T) and galactose in strain GE134769(T)). Differences in the phenotypic characteristics and in the 16S rRNA gene sequences suggest the description of two species, Actinospica robiniae gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species) and Actinospica acidiphila sp. nov., with the type strains GE134769(T) (=DSM 44927(T)=NRRL B-24432(T)) and GE134766(T) (=DSM 44926(T)=NRRL B-24431(T)), respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains GE134769(T) and GE134766(T) are 70.8 and 69.2 mol%, respectively. Due to the large phylogenetic distance from known actinomycete genera, it is proposed to accommodate Actinospica gen. nov. in Actinospicaceae fam. nov. In addition, Catenulisporineae subord. nov. is proposed to harbour Actinospicaceae fam. nov. and the newly proposed family Catenulisporaceae, described in the accompanying paper. (+info)
Niastella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Niastella yeongjuensis sp. nov., novel members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng.
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Two novel strains, GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T), were isolated from soil using R2A medium. The soil sample was collected from a field in the Yeongju region of Korea that was cultivated with Korean ginseng. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains formed a cluster with several uncultured bacterial clones and with Flexibacter filiformis, Flexibacter sancti, Flexibacter japonensis, Cytophaga arvensicola and Flavobacterium ferrugineum (recently reclassified as Terrimonas ferruginea) in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel strains was 98.9 %. Isolates GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T) showed the highest sequence similarities to Flexibacter japonensis IFO 16041(T) (91.8 and 91.9 %, respectively) and T. ferruginea ATCC 13524(T) (90.4 and 90.6 %, respectively). The whole-cell fatty acid profiles of the two isolates were similar and their major fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17 : 0 iso 3-OH and 15 : 1 iso G. The major isoprenoid quinone of both strains was MK-7. The G+C contents of GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T) were 45.8 and 44.3 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization (57 % DNA-DNA hybridization value) and phenotypic data indicated that strains GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T) each belong to a separate species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, strains GR20-10(T) and GR20-13(T) represent two novel species in a novel genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes; the names Niastella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain GR20-10(T)=KACC 11465(T)=DSM 17620(T)) and Niastella yeongjuensis sp. nov. (type strain GR20-13(T)=KACC 11466(T)=DSM 17621(T)) are proposed. (+info)
Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov., from soil.
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An actinomycete strain (0345M-7(T)) was isolated from a soil sample from Yilan county, Taiwan. The isolate displayed substrate mycelia, upon which were borne short spore chains. The spore chains were composed of non-motile, smooth-surfaced, oval spores. Strain 0345M-7(T) had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose. The only phospholipid found was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)). Mycolic acids were not detected. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0) (38.1 %) and C(17 : 1) (25.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 0345M-7(T) was 68.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain 0345M-7(T) (=BCRC 16802(T)=KCTC 19116(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov. (+info)
Lentibacillus halophilus sp. nov., from fish sauce in Thailand.
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Fifteen strains of extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from fish sauce (nam-pla) collected in Thailand at various stages of the fish-fermentation process. The isolates were strictly aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive rods. They grew optimally in the presence of 20-26 % NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 42.1-43.1 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, a representative strain, PS11-2(T), was found to be closely related to Lentibacillus juripiscarius JCM 12147(T) (97.3 % similarity). The 15 strains were included in the same species on the basis that the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with strain PS11-2(T) were greater than 70 %. They could be distinguished from L. juripiscarius and other Lentibacillus species on the basis of several phenotypic characteristics and low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (+info)
Brevibacterium samyangense sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a beach sediment.
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A novel actinomycete, strain SST-8(T), was isolated from sand sediment of Samyang Beach in Jeju, Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The organism, which produced opaque, circular, yellow colonies, with a coryneform morphology, showed the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in the peptidoglycan, MK-8(H(2)) as the major menaquinone, phosphatidylglycerol as the only polar lipid, anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) as major fatty acids and a DNA G+C content of 70.7 mol%. The combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic features supported its classification in the genus Brevibacterium. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence studies, showed that strain SST-8(T) formed an intermediate branch between the Brevibacterium luteolum/Brevibacterium otitidis and Brevibacterium mcbrellneri/Brevibacterium paucivorans clusters. Sequence similarity calculations based on a neighbour-joining analysis revealed that the closest relatives of strain SST-8(T) were the type strains of B. paucivorans (96.6 %), B. luteolum (96.5 %), B. mcbrellneri (96.3 %), Brevibacterium avium (96.0 %) and B. otitidis (95.9 %). Based on a broad set of phenotypic and genetic data, it was evident that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium. The name Brevibacterium samyangense sp. nov. is proposed, with SST-8(T) (=NRRL B-41420(T)=KCCM 42316(T)) as the type strain. (+info)
Bacillus seohaeanensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium that contains L-lysine in its cell wall.
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A halotolerant, round-endospore-forming, aerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, designated BH724(T), was isolated from a solar saltern at Taean in Korea. Cells of this strain were rod-shaped and found to be non-motile. Strain BH724(T) grew at salinities of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum of 3 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperatures of 15-50 degrees C with an optimum of 40 degrees C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BH724(T) belonged to the genus Bacillus and that Bacillus aquimaris TF-12(T), Bacillus marisflavi TF-11(T) and Bacillus vietnamensis JCM 11124(T) were its closest neighbours, sharing 97.3, 97.2 and 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39 mol% and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Its major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(14 : 0). The peptidoglycan type was A1alpha, linked directly through l-lysine. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and phylogenetic properties, strain BH724(T) represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus seohaeanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH724(T) (=KCTC 3913(T)=DSM 16464(T)). (+info)
Shewanella loihica sp. nov., isolated from iron-rich microbial mats in the Pacific Ocean.
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A novel marine bacterial strain, PV-4(T), isolated from a microbial mat located at a hydrothermal vent of Loihi Seamount in the Pacific Ocean, has been characterized. This micro-organism is orangey in colour, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic and psychrotolerant (temperature range, 0-42 degrees C). No growth was observed with nitrate, nitrite, DMSO or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor and lactate as the electron donor. The major fatty acid detected in strain PV-4(T) was iso-C(15 : 0). Strain PV-4(T) had ubiquinones consisting mainly of Q-7 and Q-8, and possessed menaquinone MK-7. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 53.8 mol% and the genome size was about 4.5 Mbp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed PV-4(T) within the genus Shewanella. PV-4(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 99.6 and 97.5 %, respectively, with respect to the type strains of Shewanella aquimarina and Shewanella marisflavi. DNA from strain PV-4(T) showed low mean levels of relatedness to the DNAs of S. aquimarina (50.5 %) and S. marisflavi (8.5 %). On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, the bacterium was classified in the genus Shewanella within a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella loihica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PV-4(T) (=ATCC BAA-1088(T)=DSM 17748(T)). (+info)