Sensory irritation due to methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate in mice.
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The expiratory bradypnoea indicative of upper airway irritation in mice was evaluated during a period of 60 min of nasal exposure to methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate vapors using nose only exposure. Irritation of the upper respiratory tract caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the respiratory rate. The maximum effect occurred within the first 10 min of exposure and was followed by a drop-off in the response during the remainder of the exposure period. The airborne concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate of mice (RD(50)) was calculated for each chemical. The results show that the four chemicals had similar irritant potencies. The RD(50) values of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate were 1.4, 0.7, 0.6 and 1.0 p.p.m. Tentative estimates of threshold limit values showed that 0.1 RD(50) was closer to the values recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for methyl- and ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate than 0.03 RD(50). On the basis of a threshold limit value for short-term exposure limit (TLV STEL) equal to 0.1 RD(50), the TLV STELs for the four cyanoacrylates should not exceed 0.1 or 0.2 p.p.m. (+info)
Tissue reactions after intraosseous implantation of three retrofilling materials.
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Bone tissue reactions to EBA, IRM, and cyanoacrylate cement (Base Liner) were studied in the rat mandible using an intraosseous implant method. Osseous cavities (1.4 mm in diameter) were surgically created in the mandibles, and materials were implanted in 60 male Wistar rats. Each specimen was evaluated histologically after 4 and 8 weeks. The development of fibrous connective tissue in direct apposition to the material was observed in the EBA and IRM groups at 4 weeks. A slight degree of macrophage infiltration was seen in the EBA group. After the 8-week observation period, IRM and EBA were frequently separated from the bone cavity by a fibrous connective tissue layer (p < 0.01). The Base Liner appeared to be in direct apposition to the osseous tissue in several areas (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that Base Liner reacts favorably with osseous tissue, compared with the EBA and IRM materials tested and seems to be a biocompatible material. (+info)
Cytotoxic effects of cyanoacrylates used as retrograde filling materials: an in vitro analysis.
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Cyanoacrylate has been used in medicine and dentistry for many years. It has been used as a postextraction dressing and retrograde filling material in endodontic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Histoacryl and other two homologue ethyl cyanoacrylates, Super Bonder and Ultrabond, on cultured fibroblasts, using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. The cyanoacrylates were applied to round glass coverslips, which were placed in contact with NIH 3T3 cells. After 0, 6, 12 and 24 h (short-term assay; viability) and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days (long-term assay; survival), the cells were examined under phase light microscopy and counted. The data were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. In the short-term experiments, only the cultures of the Ultrabond group (GIV) presented significant smaller percentages of cell viability than the cultures of the other groups (GI: control; GII: Super Bonder; GIII: Histoacryl). Although the cultures of the Super Bonder group (GII) presented smaller percentages of cell viability than cultures of the other groups (GI, GIII, GIV) at the long-term assay, this group was the only experimental group presenting a continuous and progressive cell growth. Our results have shown an in vitro biocompatibility of Histoacryl and ethyl cyanoacrylate homologues. These cyanoacrylates could therefore be of importance for endodontic purposes. (+info)
Use of tissue adhesives in sport? A new application in international ice hockey.
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In the tough, competitive environment of international ice hockey, it is vital that a player who sustains a minor facial laceration is returned to play as soon as possible. A method of wound closure that is fast to apply, water resistant, and effective was sought. Dermabond, a cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, was selected for use during the 2002 International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships for the closure of selected facial wounds. The wounds were all closed using prescribed aseptic techniques. The results are presented and discussed. The tissue adhesive met the criteria set out. (+info)
Evaluation of the permeability of the furcation area of deciduous molars conditioned with Er:YAG laser and cyanoacrylate.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the dentin permeability of the deciduous pulp chamber floor after employing 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and Er:YAG laser. Twenty four deciduous molars were used, divided into four groups. After chemical-surgical preparation each group received a different treatment: Group 1 - control, without treatment; Group 2 - the floor of the pulp chamber was covered with a fine layer of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate; Group 3 - the floor of the pulp chamber was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (250 mJ, 10 Hz for 30 seconds, 80 J of energy and 320 pulses), and covered with a fine layer of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate; and Group 4 - the floor of the pulp chamber was irradiated with Er:YAG laser set at the parameters already described. After that the specimens received application of 0.5% methylene blue, for 15 minutes. The teeth were cut, photographed, and the digitalized images were analyzed using the ImageLab program. The results obtained were submitted to statistical analysis. Group 4 (Er:YAG) presented the largest averages in percentage of dye penetration area (19.5%), followed by Group 1 (11.1%), Group 3 (1.4%) and Group 2 (0.2%). The experimental model allowed to conclude that the specimens conditioned with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Group 2) and Er:YAG laser associated to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Group 3) presented a decrease in permeability, and the specimens treated with Er:YAG laser (Group 4) presented an increase in permeability of the analyzed area. (+info)
Variations of hair follicle size and distribution in different body sites.
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For the evaluation and quantification of follicular penetration processes, the knowledge of variations of hair follicle parameters in different body sites is basic. Characteristics of follicle sizes and potential follicular reservoir were determined in cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsies, taken from seven different skin areas (lateral forehead, back, thorax, upper arm, forearm, thigh, and calf region). The highest hair follicle density and percentage of follicular orifices on the skin surface and infundibular surface were found on the forehead, whereas the highest average size of the follicular orifices was measured in the calf region. The highest infundibular volume and therefore a potential follicular reservoir was calculated for the forehead and for the calf region, although the calf region showed the lowest hair follicle density. The calculated follicular volume of these two skin areas was as high as the estimated reservoir of the stratum corneum. The lowest values for every other parameter were found on the forearm. The present investigation clearly contradicts former hypothesis that the amount of appendages of the total skin surface represents not more than 0.1%. Every body region disposes its own hair follicle characteristics, which, in the future, should lead us to a differential evaluation of skin penetration processes and a completely different understanding of penetration of topically applied drugs and cosmetics. (+info)
Octylcyanoacrylate skin closure in laparoscopy.
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OBJECTIVES: Octylcyanoacrylate (Dermabond) is a dermal bond useful in closing surgical skin incisions. We compared skin octylcyanoacrylate with subcuticular skin sutures to close laparoscopic trocar sites. METHODS: A randomized, double-armed, prospective study was performed with 59 patients, in whom 228 trocar sites were closed. Twenty-nine patients underwent subcuticular closure of laparoscopic incisions, and 30 patients received closure with octylcyanoacrylate. Sutured trocar sites were closed with subcuticular 4-0 absorable suture. Octylcyanoacrylate wounds received closure in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). The number of sutures or vials of octylcyanoacrylate used, closure times, and postoperative wound problems were recorded. Wounds were assessed 2 weeks postoperatively for healing complications. Closure costs were estimated using published operating room time per hour plus the cost of octylcyanoacrylate or suture. The Student paired t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The overall mean time for skin closure using octylcyanoacrylate and suture was 3.7 minutes and 14 minutes, respectively (P<0.00001). An average of 2.2 packets of suture were used to close all port sites, while those closed with octylcyanoacrylate required an average of 3.4 vials per patient. Wound complications consisted of subcuticular seroma with skin separation. No difference was noted in complication rates between the 2 groups. Overall average cost per closure using octylcyanoacrylate was 198 dollars while cost for closure using suture was 497 dollars (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic port-site skin closure with octylcyanoacrylate is rapid and effective. Closure with octylcyanoacrylate yields cost savings and a decrease in operative time of more than 9 minutes per case. (+info)
In vivo rabbit eyecup preparation for use in retinal research.
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PURPOSE: To develop an in vivo rabbit eyecup preparation that preserves neuronal and vascular connections with normal posterior segment contour, permitting direct access to the retina and facilitating retinal microsurgical and neuroscience research. METHODS: Cyanoacrylate glue was applied to the anterior sclera of six Dutch-belted rabbits before open-sky vitrectomy. The glue was used to harden the compliant scleral wall and to fix it to the surrounding periorbital tissues. RESULTS: A normal contour of the posterior segment was retained in all cases. Vitrectomy under air was successfully accomplished and an extensive removal of the vitreous gel was achieved. Fluorescein angiography revealed normal vascular patency of the retinal vessels after vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed modification of the rabbit eyecup retains the normal neurovascular connections and configuration of the retina, making it suitable for retinal microsurgical maneuvers or any procedures in which easy access to anatomically undisturbed retina is required. (+info)