Development of novel cosmetic base using sterol surfactant. I. Preparation of novel emulsified particles with sterol surfactant+.
(66/238)
We have developed various kinds of ultrafine emulsifying methods using random copolymer of polyoxyethylene (POE)/polyoxypropylene (POP) dimethyl ether [EPDME]. Among ultrafine emulsions made by these methods, it was revealed that an O/W type emulsion, which had prepared with EPDME, sterol surfactant, and polar oils, had a unique structure that had a lamellar structure on the surface of emulsified particles. To clarify the character of the particles and the mechanism of the emulsification, investigation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurement and the phase diagram of the emulsion system was done. FF-TEM observation indicated that a few lamellar layers were deposited from the oily ingredients on the surface of the emulsified particle. It was also presumed that the lamellar structure was formed with sterol surfactant and polar oil. The phase diagram analysis suggested that EPDME could form emulsified particles having lamellar structure on the surface of the particle with hydrophilic sterol surfactant in polar oils. (+info)
Filling the concept with data: integrating data from different in vitro and in silico assays on skin sensitizers to explore the battery approach for animal-free skin sensitization testing.
(67/238)
Antioxidants used in skin care formulations.
(68/238)
The formation of free radicals is a widely accepted pivotal mechanism leading to skin aging. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that can directly damage various cellular structural membranes, lipids, proteins, and DNA. The damaging effects of these reactive oxygen species are induced internally during normal metabolism and externally through various oxidative stresses. The production of free radicals increases with age, while the endogenous defense mechanisms that counter them decrease. This imbalance leads to the progressive damage of cellular structures, and thus, results in accelerated aging. Antioxidants are substances that can provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stresses by scavenging free radicals. Topical antioxidants are available in multivariate combinations through over-the-counter skin care products that are aimed at preventing the clinical signs of photoaging. (+info)
Nail polish does not significantly affect pulse oximetry measurements in mildly hypoxic subjects.
(69/238)
BACKGROUND: The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements in non-hypoxic subjects has been studied extensively. Some studies found that nail polish decreased pulse-oximetry (S(pO(2))) values, whereas others found no effects from nail polish. OBJECTIVE: To determine if nail polish affects S(pO(2)) measurements in mildly hypoxic subjects. METHODS: At high altitude, 5 investigators, whose mean oxygen saturation was 91.3% (mild hypoxia), and with 2 brands of pulse oximeter and oximetry probe, obtained S(pO(2)) measurements from a finger with nail polish and from the matching finger on the opposite hand without nail polish. We tested 9 different nail-polish colors and made 210 pairs of S(pO(2)) measurements. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD S(pO(2)) values from the fingers with and without nail polish, respectively, were 91.4+/-4.1% and 91.2+/-3.5% (difference 0.2+/-3.2%, 95% confidence interval -0.2% to 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: With the pulse oximeters and oximetry probes we tested, nail-polish had no significant effect on S(pO(2)) in mildly hypoxic healthy subjects. (+info)
The impact of cosmetic interventions on quality of life.
(70/238)
In the last decade, the number of cosmetic procedures performed in the United States has rapidly increased. While physicians historically have focused on minimizing side effects and optimizing the physical outcome, a broad spectrum of patient needs also factors in treatment success. Unfortunately, few data are available regarding the effects of cosmetic procedures on patient's self-esteem, confidence, relationships, and acceptance by others. Quality of life represents a relevant and important long-term measurement of outcomes in these patients. Studies have shown that cosmetic surgery can have a positive impact on patient quality of life. In contrast, fewer data are available regarding the effects of nonsurgical cosmetic procedures on quality of life. Much of the quality-of-life data regarding nonsurgical cosmetic procedures focuses on patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated facial lipoatrophy, a condition associated with depression, problems with self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, in addition to nonadherence to the treatment. Recent data indicate that cosmetic treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related facial lipoatrophy with injectable facial rejuvenators can improve quality of life in these patients. However, there is a dearth of quality-of-life data on patients who undergo facial rejuvenation procedures using the newer injectable devices, such as hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, and poly-L-lactic acid. Future studies should focus on developing standardized tests to assess quality of life in patients undergoing facial rejuvenation interventions. More data obtained from validated assessment tools are needed to systematically evaluate the effects specific treatments have on satisfying the needs of the cosmetic patient. (+info)
Camouflaging vitiligo with dihydroxyacetone.
(71/238)
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the active ingredient in sunless tanning agents, can provide cosmetically acceptable camouflage for some vitiligo patients. (+info)
Development of novel cosmetic base using sterol surfactant. II. Solubilizing of sparingly soluble ultraviolet ray absorbers.
(72/238)
Previous studies have reported that O/W emulsion prepared using a surfactant with phytosterol as the hydrophobic moiety exhibited unique morphology; a lamellar structure was present on the surface of the emulsified particles. It is suggested that such a unique self-organized structure was due to the large and bulky planar structure of the sterol. On the other hand, sparingly soluble compounds including ultraviolet ray absorbers and medicines (e.g., indomethacine and finasteride) have been used after they are dissolved mainly in polar oils. However, it is very difficult to dissolve them in bases that contain small amounts of oil components such as lotions. Moreover, many of these sparingly soluble compounds have planar structures such as aromatic rings and are easy to crystallize in polar oil. In this study, sterol surfactants were considered suitable for solubilizing sparingly soluble compounds, since they have a bulky planar structure in their molecules. On this basis, the solubilization of ultraviolet ray absorbers using sterol surfactants was investigated. Methods to solubilize ultraviolet ray absorbers stably and effectively by using a surfactant that had a phytosterol structure have been clarified. Further, the following features were also suggested: (1) the microemulsion of phytosterol surfactant is different from that of other surfactants and (2) a rigid core that has solubilized compounds between the hydrophobic moieties was considered; further, the core was surrounded by a polyoxyethylene chain that prevented the self-aggregation. Analysis using NMR measurements suggested that (1) the polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene random copolymer dimethyl ether squeezed in a narrow gap between the hydrophobic moieties of the surfactant, and (2) this eventually increased the solubilized amount of an ultraviolet ray absorber. (+info)