Detection of Chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus by multiplex real-time PCR analysis.
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Chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus (FHV) are pathogens commonly associated with feline respiratory and ocular disease. A real-time multiplex PCR assay was developed to allow detection of these organisms, together with feline 28S ribosomal DNA, in a single tube. Of 538 ocular swab samples tested, 123 were positive for FHV, 97 were positive for C. felis, and 16 were positive for both pathogens. (+info)
Generalized seborrhoeic dermatitis. Clinical and therapeutic data of 25 patients.
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Twenty-five infants with generalized seborrhoeic dermatitis have been studied with reference to the provision of optimum treatment. Leucocyte counts and chest x-ray examination are recommended in every case. Irrespective of clinical findings, antibiotics should be given to patients with overt bacterial infection and those with leucocytosis, shift to the left, and toxic granulation. One group of infants was treated with vitamin B complex plus biotin given slowly intravenously over 24 hours; a second group was given only biotin intravenously over 2-3 hours; and a third group only biotin over 1-2 minutes. A fourth group was treated with both biotin and antibiotics for confirmed or suspected superimposed bacterial infection. The results were excellent in all groups. Skin lesions improved within 4-8 days and cleared completely within 15-30 days. Intravenous administration of biotin is recommended as less painful and less dangerous than multiple intramuscular injections. (+info)
Confirmation of nontypeable Streptococcus pneumoniae-like organisms isolated from outbreaks of epidemic conjunctivitis as Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Eleven isolates representing five distinct outbreaks of pneumococcal conjunctivitis were examined for phenotypic and genetic characteristics. None of the strains possessed capsules, and all strains were susceptible to optochin, bile soluble, and Gen-Probe AccuProbe test positive. All 11 isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus pneumoniae by DNA-DNA reassociation experiments. (+info)
An ocular model of adenovirus type 5 infection in the NZ rabbit.
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Ocular adenoviral infections occur worldwide, and currently, there is no ocular animal model for evaluating new antivirals or studying pathogenesis. With a paired-eye design, an ocular model was developed in 32 New Zealand rabbits following topical and intrastromal inoculation with a clinical isolate of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5 McEwen). Clinical signs of infection--conjunctivitis, corneal edema, subepithelial infiltrates, and iritis--and seroconversion were evaluated. Replicating virus on the ocular surface was determined by serial ocular titers. Reproducible acute ocular infection was demonstrated in 32 of 32 infected eyes (100%), with mean viral replication lasting for 8.3 days. Peak ocular viral titers (10(3) plaque forming units/ml) were achieved on day three after inoculation and represented a 2 log increase (100 times) over day one. Ocular viral replication was associated with acute conjunctivitis (24/34 eyes, 75%), and delayed-onset presumed immune-mediated clinical disease was associated with: blepharoconjunctivitis (21/32 eyes, 66%), iritis (29/32 eyes, 91%), corneal edema (32/32 eyes, 100%), and subepithelial corneal infiltrates (30/32 eyes, 94%). Seroconversion was demonstrated in 26 of 31 rabbits (84%). The study concludes that a potentially useful animal model of adenoviral ocular infection can be attained. (+info)
Red or uncomfortable eye.
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1. A red, uncomfortable eye may be accompanied by other symptoms such as blurred, decreased, or double vision, haloes, photophobia, pain or discharge. 2. A careful history and brief systematic examination will sort out most problems. 3. Examine eyelids, the conjunctivae and corneas. Checking visual acuity is often important. 4. The most common underlying causes can usually be managed within general practice, though a few patients will require urgent eye assessment, or routine referral to ophthalmic outpatients. 5. The following are typical eye problems which require urgent referral: History of pain as opposed to discomfort, Trauma including foreign bodies, chemicals and suspected penetrating injury, Unexplained drop in visual acuity of two lines or more in a painful eye. Specific conditions: preseptal cellulitis, herpes simplex ulcer, scleritis, orbital cellulitis, herpes zoster, bacterial corneal ulcer, dacryocystitis. 6. The following are typical problems which may require routine referral: Persistence of the problem not relieved by simple measures, Recurrent disorders of uncertain diagnosis, Eyelid swelling such as chalazion, cysts, basal cell carcinoma, Gradual loss of vision, for example cataract, macular degeneration. (+info)
Etiology and differential diagnosis of non-trachomatous follicular conjunctivitis.
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The author points out that while previously only follicular conjunctivitis of the inclusion or swimming-pool type, and of the Beal type, was classified as "acute follicular conjunctivitis", it is now necessary to enlarge this group to include at least four other clinical or etiological entities: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, acute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, Newcastle disease conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever. The author then defines and describes chronic follicular conjunctivitis, toxic follicular conjunctivitis (molluscum contagiosum) and folliculosis. (+info)
Photodamage of the conjunctiva in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda.
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Ninety two patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) were examined ophthalmically in a paired case control study. The incidence of pinguecula and of pterygium was 8 and 2 times higher respectively, in PCT patients than in the control group. The photodamage to the conjunctiva is considered to be a result of the photoactivity of uroporphyrin in the tissues. (+info)
Vernal conjunctivitis as an atopic disease.
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In a study of 30 cases of vernal conjunctivitis, antibodies to grass pollen were demonstrated in 16 of 29 patients tested by direct skin tests, in 11 of 30 tested by the Prausnitz-Kustner method and in 22 of 30 by the bis-diazotized benzidine hemagglutination method.A personal history of major atopic disease was found in 13 of 27 patients, and a family history of atopic disease in 16 of 26 patients questioned.Conjunctival eosinophilia was found in all cases. Results of the study indicated that vernal conjunctivitis is an atopic disease. (+info)