Recognition of whole Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces by negative staining and electron microscopy.
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Crytosporidium oocysts in feces were recognizable in the electron microscope when prepared by the negative staining technique used by virologists. Their size, shape, and surface markings were sufficiently characteristic for cryptosporidiosis to be diagnosed by this method if more suitable methods are not available. (+info)
Rapid dimethyl sulfoxide-modified acid-fast stain of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stool specimens.
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A rapid dimethyl sulfoxide modification of an acid-fast technique was applied to direct fecal smears to monitor cryptosporidiosis in nonhuman primates. Brilliantly stained pink oocysts against a pale green background demonstrated well-preserved internal morphology and facilitated rapid, simple, noninvasive diagnosis without fluorescent or phase-contrast microscopy. (+info)
Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Central Africa.
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Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 20 (10.4%) of 193 Rwandese children and in 3 (3.0%) of 100 adults with diarrhea. In four of the children and in one adult, Cryptosporidium was associated with other enteric pathogens. The higher incidence of Cryptosporidium in diarrheic children was statistically significant. The parasite was not found in 94 formed stools submitted for parasitological examination. The mean age of the Cryptosporidium-positive children was 13.3 months. In four children, Cryptosporidium was associated with severe malnutrition. All of those required rehydration, and one child died as a direct consequence of severe diarrhea. The three adult patients showed no recognizable immunodeficiency, and their diarrhea resolved spontaneously. Staining with 1% safranin was not only more simple and rapid but also more sensitive than the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. (+info)
Cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient Arabian foals.
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Five of six immunodeficient Arabian foals that died of adenoviral infection were found to be infected with an intestinal coccidian of the genus Cryptosporidium. Various developmental stages of the organism were found in the microvillous border of the intestinal mucosa. The foals had diarrhea but it was not possible to separate the effects of the cryptosporidial infection from those of the concomitant adenoviral enteritis. (+info)
Neonatal diarrhea of pigs in Quebec: infectious causes of significant outbreaks.
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To evaluate the relative importance of the various enteropathogens causing neonatal diarrhea in Quebec farrowing operations, observations were made on 749 diarrheic pigs from 325 outbreaks of diarrhea. They were one to 15 days of age, and were obtained alive for necropsy generally within 48 hours of the onset of diarrhea. Some pigs were from severe, explosive outbreaks of diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality rates, while others were from herds with chronic neonatal diarrhea with lower morbidity and mortality rates. A combination of bacteriological, virological and histological methods were used to study the pigs. Viruses were incriminated in 60%, bacteria in 23% and coccidia in 15.3% of the 325 diarrhea outbreaks. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was by far the most common enteropathogen with a prevalence of 52%; rotavirus was implicated in 9.2% of the outbreaks while adenovirus was incriminated in 0.30% of the outbreaks. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were involved in 22.4% of the cases while Clostridium perfringens type C was an occasional finding. Coccidia involved in our herds were identified as Isospora suis. The disease was attributed to infection with a single etiologic agent in 590 diarrheic pigs (78%) while combinations of agents were present in only 90 (12%). The age-specific occurrence of the various enteropathogens was evaluated. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was the most common enteropathogen in all age groups. Colibacillosis was common in pigs which became diarrheic under five days of age; in this age group, the enterotoxigenic E. coli were frequently found alone, but were usually combined with other agents in older pigs. The prevalence of coccidia was high in pigs which became diarrheic between five and 15 days of age. Rotavirus infection was common in diarrheic pigs older than ten days of age. Although individual baby pigs were commonly infected with a single enteropathogen, it was very common to see more than one agent involved in an outbreak of diarrhea, particularly when pigs of different ages were affected. Observations on the occurrence of the enteropathogens according to the seasons were also made. Occurrence of transmissible gastroenteritis was throughout the year with the highest prevalence during the fall, winter and spring months. Colibacillosis and coccidiosis were more common in the summer, fall and early winter months with the lowest prevalence in the spring months. (+info)
Concentration and identification of Cryptosporidium sp. by use of a parasite concentrator.
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A new disposable plastic tube device and technique for ovum and parasite concentration, with upper and lower chambers separated by a fine screen, was compared with the standard gauze and open-funnel filtration technique as well as with the technique of direct smearing with an acid-fast stain. The new concentrator was distinctly superior to gauze filtration in concentrating Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. Processing time was reduced. The new technique was less messy and as a closed system was considered to be much safer than gauze filtration. (+info)
Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sputum during screening for mycobacteria.
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We report a case in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during routine auramine screening of a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacilli. The patient was a 28-year-old male with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and intestinal cryptosporidiosis. Microbiology laboratory workers should be alert to the possibility that these oocysts may be present in sputum specimens from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (+info)
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium antibodies in 10 animal species.
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Antibodies to cryptosporidium were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in over 80% of sera from 10 animal species, including humans. (+info)