Local flap coverage following posteromedial release in clubfoot surgery in older children.
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We present our experience of avoiding skin problems in older children with severe clubfoot deformity. We used a local transpositional flap coverage during wound closure following posteromedial release. We present our experience in five cases. (+info)
Dillwyn Evans operation for relapsed club foot. Long-term results.
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We reviewed the long-term results of the Dillwyn Evans procedure for club foot in 60 feet of 45 patients with an average age of 29 years, using four different scoring systems. The results at 12 to 38 years were compared with those of an earlier study of the same group of patients. Function was satisfactory in 68% of feet; 90% of the patients were able to perform all desired activities. Mild residual deformity was compatible with satisfactory function, and poor function was related to ankle and subtalar stiffness. Our results suggest that this procedure has a low rate of deterioration and degenerative change with time. (+info)
Early experience with the Ponseti method for the treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot.
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BACKGROUND: The preferred conservative treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot deformity remains a controversial issue. OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcomes of two groups of CICF patients who underwent two different treatment protocols. METHODS: The study cohort included 72 infants treated in our hospital from August 1998 to December 2002. Group 1 comprised 40 infants (61 clubfeet) who were treated by a traditional method (a modification of the Kite and Lovell technique), and group 2 consisted of 32 infants (48 clubfeet) treated with the Ponseti technique. Both groups were similar in age, gender and severity of the deformity (Dimeglio scoring system). RESULTS: After an average follow-up of 54.9 months (range 44-68), 35 (57%) clubfeet in group 1 required surgical intervention and 27 (44%) clubfeet had a residual deformity at last follow-up. In the Ponseti group, 45 (94%) clubfeet were fully corrected at last follow-up (average 29.2 months, range 16-45) while 3 (6%) clubfeet had residual deformity and required surgery. Achilles tendon tenotomy was performed with no complications in 47 clubfeet (in group 2) at an average age of 2.4 months (range 2-4 months). CONCLUSIONS: Even after a relatively short follow-up period, our success rate with the Ponseti approach already appears to be significantly higher and to bear fewer complications than the traditional treatment, in agreement with the results published by other medical centers. We now endorse the Ponseti technique of conservative manipulative treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot in our department. (+info)
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of club foot: outcome and recommendations for counselling and follow-up.
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Club foot was diagnosed by ultrasonography in 91 feet (52 fetuses) at a mean gestational age of 22.1 weeks (14 to 35.6). Outcome was obtained by chart review in 26 women or telephone interview in 26. Feet were classified as normal, positional deformity, isolated club foot or complex club foot. At initial diagnosis, 69 feet (40 fetuses) were classified as isolated club foot and 22 feet (12 fetuses) as complex club foot. The diagnosis was changed after follow-up ultrasound scan in 13 fetuses (25%), and the final ultrasound diagnosis was normal in one fetus, isolated club foot in 31 fetuses, and complex club foot in 20 fetuses. At birth, club foot was found in 79 feet in 43 infants for a positive predictive value of 83%. Accuracy of the specific diagnosis of isolated club foot or complex club foot was lower; 63% at the initial ultrasound scan and 73% at the final scan. The difference in diagnostic accuracy between isolated and complex club foot was not statistically significant. In no case was postnatal complex club foot undiagnosed on fetal ultrasound and all inaccuracies were overdiagnoses. Karyotyping was performed in 25 cases. Abnormalities were noted in three fetuses, all with complex club foot and with additional findings on ultrasound. (+info)
The clubfoot assessment protocol (CAP); description and reliability of a structured multi-level instrument for follow-up.
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BACKGROUND: In most clubfoot studies, the outcome instruments used are designed to evaluate classification or long-term cross-sectional results. Variables deal mainly with factors on body function/structure level. Wide scorings intervals and total sum scores increase the risk that important changes and information are not detected. Studies of the reliability, validity and responsiveness of these instruments are sparse. The lack of an instrument for longitudinal follow-up led the investigators to develop the Clubfoot Assessment Protocol (CAP). The aim of this article is to introduce and describe the CAP and evaluate the items inter- and intra reliability in relation to patient age. METHODS: The CAP was created from 22 items divided between body function/structure (three subgroups) and activity (one subgroup) levels according to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF). The focus is on item and subgroup development. Two experienced examiners assessed 69 clubfeet in 48 children who had a median age of 2.1 years (range, 0 to 6.7 years). Both treated and untreated feet with different grades of severity were included. Three age groups were constructed for studying the influence of age on reliability. The intra- rater study included 32 feet in 20 children who had a median age of 2.5 years (range, 4 months to 6.8 years). The Unweighted Kappa statistics, percentage observer agreement, and amount of categories defined how reliability was to be interpreted. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability was assessed as moderate to good for all but one item. Eighteen items had kappa values > 0.40. Three items varied from 0.35 to 0.38. The mean percentage observed agreement was 82% (range, 62 to 95%). Different age groups showed sufficient agreement. Intra- rater; all items had kappa values > 0.40 [range, 0.54 to 1.00] and a mean percentage agreement of 89.5%. Categories varied from 3 to 5. CONCLUSION: The CAP contains more detailed information than previous protocols. It is a multi-dimensional observer administered standardized measurement instrument with the focus on item and subgroup level. It can be used with sufficient reliability, independent of age, during the first seven years of childhood by examiners with good clinical experience.A few items showed low reliability, partly dependent on the child's age and /or varying professional backgrounds between the examiners. These items should be interpreted with caution, until further studies have confirmed the validity and sensitivity of the instrument. (+info)
The Oxford club-foot programme.
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We treated 63 club feet in 44 patients by a defined programme of strapping from birth followed by one of two operations performed at six weeks, either a simple calcaneal tendon lengthening or a subtalar realignment, and reviewed them prospectively. The decision as to which operation to perform was taken at four weeks after radiographic measurement of the talocalcaneal angle. All but eight patients (ten feet) were followed for a mean of 8.7 years. The overall results after calcaneal tendon lengthening were satisfactory. The re-operation rate after subtalar realignment was high (39%) due to over or undercorrection of the deformity. (+info)
The ossific nuclei and the cartilage anlage of the talus and calcaneum.
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We studied the ossific nuclei on radiographs of the feet of three stillborn infants, two with club feet, relating the size, position and alignment of each nucleus to the cartilaginous talus or calcaneum in which it lay. Anteroposterior projections of the nucleus of the talus show deformity of that bone as well as subtalar malalignment. Lateral projections of the calcaneal nucleus may underestimate the degree of hindfoot equinus. (+info)
Continuous passive motion versus immobilisation in a cast after surgical treatment of idiopathic club foot in infants: a prospective, blinded, randomised, clinical study.
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Continuous passive motion has been shown to be effective in the conservative treatment of idiopathic club foot. We wished to determine whether its use after operation could improve the results in resistant club feet which required an extensive soft-tissue release. There were 50 feet in the study. Posteromedial lateral release was performed in 39 feet but two were excluded due to early relapse. The mean age at surgery was eight months (5 to 12). Each foot was assigned a Dimeglio club foot score, which was used as a primary outcome measure, before operation and at 6, 12, 18 and 44 months after. Nineteen feet were randomly selected to receive continuous passive motion and 18 had standard immobilisation in a cast. After surgery and subsequent immobilisation in a cast the Dimeglio club foot score improved from 10.3 before to 4.17 by 12 months and to 3.89 at 48 months. After operation followed by continuous passive motion the score improved from 9.68 before to 3.11 after 12 months, but deteriorated to 4.47 at 48 months. Analysis of variance adjusted for baseline values indicated a significantly better score in those having continuous passive motion up to one year after surgery, but after 18 and 48 months the outcomes were the same in both groups. (+info)