The effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrition on the growth of nonembryogenic and embryogenic tissue of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck).
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Comparison between a profilometer and a measuring microscope for measurement of enamel erosion.
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The aim of this study was to measure the difference in the erosion depth of enamel measured by profilometry (PM) and a measuring microscope (MM). Sixty enamel specimens were divided into ten groups. Each specimen group was exposed to 50 ml of a carbonated drink with pH 2.38 or orange juice with pH 3.67 for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Depths of eroded areas were measured with a profilometer and a measuring microscope. Data of average enamel loss were measured by PM and MM for all erosion times and were scatter plotted on a graph with regression fit. Correlations between the enamel loss measured by PM and MM were analyzed with a paired sample t-test to compare the discriminatory abilities of the two methods of analysis for all erosion times. The regression fit in all study cases showed a high linear relationship (R(2) = 0.90) between measurements by PM and MM, but in cases where the erosion depth was lower than the depth of focus (DOF) of the MM objective lens, there were weak correlation coefficients (-0.007 - 0.303) for comparison between the two measurement methods. (+info)
Transcriptome analysis of a spontaneous mutant in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] during fruit development.
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One-year routine application of a new and rapid method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of selected pesticides in citrus fruits.
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A rapid method has been developed for monitoring five multiclass pesticides commonly used in citrus fruits. The determination is performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), after extraction with a mixture of ethyl acetate and sodium sulfate. The method has been validated for orange matrix. Mean recoveries obtained were between 74-110% with a repeatability precision of < 7%, intermediate precision of < 10% and reproducibility precision of < 17%. Linearity over the range 0.010-0.150 mg/kg was demonstrated (r(2) > or = 0.99) with limits of quantification (LOQs) of < or = 0.01 mg/kg. Also, an analytical study focused on the stability of pesticide residues in orange extracts under storage was performed. The method has been applied to the analysis of 365 samples from the agricultural area of the Valencian Community (Spain). Of 103 samples that contained pesticide residues, only abamectin in 2 samples and carbendazim in 5 samples slightly exceeded the European maximum residue limits (MRLs). (+info)