Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology of a worldwide collection of Chryseobacterium spp: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2001).
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Limited data are available on Chryseobacterium spp. leading to an evaluation of the patient demographics and susceptibility patterns for Chryseobacterium spp. collected in the first 5 years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997 to 2001). Fifty isolates (24 Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, 20 Chryseobacterium indologenes, two Chryseobacterium gleum, and 4 Chryseobacterium spp. isolates) were collected. The highest Chryseobacterium prevalence was detected among the elderly. The most active antimicrobials were the newer quinolones (garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin, each with a MIC at which 90 percent of the isolates are inhibited [MIC(90)] of 1 micro g/ml and 98.0% susceptibility) followed by rifampin (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml and 85.7% susceptibility). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam also showed reasonable activity; vancomycin showed poor potency. (+info)
Clinical and microbiological analysis of bloodstream infections caused by Chryseobacterium meningosepticum in nonneonatal patients.
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Chryseobacterium meningosepticum bloodstream infections in 11 nonneonatal patients were reported. More than half of the infections were community acquired. PCR assays indicated that the organisms produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases as well as metallo-beta-lactamases. Genotyping showed diverse fingerprints among the isolates. Six patients survived without appropriate antibiotic treatment. Host factors are the major determinant of the outcomes of C. meningosepticum infections. (+info)
Comparative biochemical analysis of three bacterial prolyl endopeptidases: implications for coeliac sprue.
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Prolyl endopeptidases have potential for treating coeliac sprue, a disease of the intestine caused by proteolytically resistant peptides from proline-rich prolamins of wheat, barley and rye. We compared the properties of three similar bacterial prolyl endopeptidases, including the known enzymes from Flavobacterium meningosepticum (FM) and Sphingomonas capsulate (SC) and a novel enzyme from Myxococcus xanthus (MX). These enzymes were interrogated with reference chromogenic substrates, as well as two related gluten peptides (PQPQLPYPQPQLP and LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQPF), believed to play a key role in coeliac sprue pathogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the activity, specificity and acid/protease stability of the enzymes. All peptidases were relatively resistant to acid, pancreatic proteases and membrane peptidases of the small intestinal mucosa. Although their activities against reference substrates were similar, the enzymes exhibited substantial differences with respect to chain length and subsite specificity. SC hydrolysed PQPQLPYPQPQLP well, but had negligible activity against LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQPF. In contrast, the FM and MX peptidases cleaved both substrates, although the FM enzyme acted more rapidly on LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQLPYPQPQPF than MX. Whereas the FM enzyme showed a preference for Pro-Gln bonds, SC cleaved both Pro-Gln and Pro-Tyr bonds with comparable efficiency, and MX had a modest preference for Pro-(Tyr/Phe) sites over Pro-Gln sites. While a more comprehensive understanding of sequence and chain-length specificity may be needed to assess the relative utility of alternative prolyl endopeptidases for treating coeliac sprue, our present work has illustrated the diverse nature of this class of enzymes from the standpoint of proteolysing complex substrates such as gluten. (+info)
An adult case of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum meningitis.
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Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is an uncommon pathogen causing adult bacterial meningitis. Herein, we report the case history of one 21-year-old woman with this uncommon central nervous system infection. A diagnosis of adult C. meningosepticum meningitis can only be confirmed by a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. The patient had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as the underlying condition associated with this infection. The clinical presentations were fever, headache, consciousness disturbance, and seizure. CSF analysis revealed a purulent inflammatory reaction. After a 21-day course of intravenous cefepime (6 g/day) treatment, this patient was discharged in a state of complete recovery. (+info)
Kaistella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the Chryseobacterium-Bergeyella-Riemerella branch.
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Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacteria isolated from a freshwater stream in Korea were investigated to determine their taxonomic position. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organisms should be placed in the Chryseobacterium-Bergeyella-Riemerella branch in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Phylogenetically, the strains were most closely related to Chryseobacterium balustinum ATCC 33487(T) and Chryseobacterium scophthalmum LMG 13028(T) (94.3 and 94.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) and they clustered on a separate well-supported branch. The strains contained menaquinone MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone and showed higher G+C contents (41.7 mol%) than other species in the Chryseobacterium-Bergeyella-Riemerella branch and i-C(15 : 0) as a major fatty acid (47-52 %). The phylogenetic distances from any species with validly published names and their phenotypic properties confirmed that the strains constitute a separate species in a new genus, for which the name Kaistella koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain Chj707(T)=KCTC 12107(T)=IAM 15050(T)). (+info)
Chryseobacterium daecheongense sp. nov., isolated from freshwater lake sediment.
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A novel nitrate-reducing bacterium, CPW406T, was isolated from the sediment of a shallow, freshwater lake. The strain was a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rod, which formed yellow-pigmented colonies on nutrient agar and contained a polyamine pattern with sym-homospermidine as the major compound, MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, 15 : 0 iso and 17 : 0 iso 3-OH as the major fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown lipids in the polar lipid profile. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CPW406T was found to be most similar to that of the type strain of Chryseobacterium defluvii (DSM 14219T; 97.9 % similarity). However, DNA-DNA relatedness data and its phenotypic properties showed that strain CPW406T could be distinguished from all known Chryseobacterium species and thus represented a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium daecheongense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CPW406T (=DSM 15235T=KCTC 12088T). (+info)
Chryseobacterium formosense sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa L. (garden lettuce).
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A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain (CC-H3-2T), isolated from the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa L. (garden lettuce) in Taiwan, was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium, with the highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Chryseobacterium indoltheticum (97.7 %), Chryseobacterium scophthalmum (97.5 %), Chryseobacterium joostei (97.2 %) and Chryseobacterium defluvii (97.2 %). The major whole-cell fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (52.2 %) and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed levels of only 27.4 % to C. scophthalmum, 27.1 % to C. indoltheticum, 14.1 % to C. joostei and 7.8 % to C. defluvii. DNA-DNA relatedness and biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain CC-H3-2T represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium formosense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-H3-2T (=CCUG 49271T=CIP 108367T). (+info)
Chryseobacterium indologenes non-catheter-related bacteremia in a patient with a solid tumor.
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A case of non-catheter-related bacteremia caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes in a nonneutropenic man with a solid tumor is described. The patient was successfully treated with piperacillin-tazobactam. (+info)