Role of the zinc-finger and basic motifs of chrysanthemum virus B p12 protein in nucleic acid binding, protein localization and induction of a hypersensitive response upon expression from a viral vector. (25/66)

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Determination of camphor and borneol in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici by UAE and GC-FID. (26/66)

In the work, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) is developed for the quantitative analysis of the bioactive components of camphor and borneol in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici. The extraction parameters are investigated. The optimum extraction conditions found are: solvent, methanol; solvent to sample ratio, 12:1 (v/w); extraction time, 15 min. Camphor and borneol are determined using this extraction method in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici samples from 5 different growing areas. The relative standard deviation values for camphor and borneol are 8.4% and 5.6%, respectively. The recoveries for camphor and borneol are 89% and 95%, respectively, and the method detection limits are lower than 0.23 microg/mL. To demonstrate the method feasibility, steam distillation is also used to analyze camphor and borneol in Flos Chrysanthemi Indici samples from these different growing areas. The statistical comparison by t-test (95% confidence level) showed no significant difference between these results. It has been shown that the proposed UAE-GC-FID is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for quantitative analysis of camphor and borneol in TCM, and a potential tool for quality assessment of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici.  (+info)

Identification of chlorogenic acid as a resistance factor for thrips in chrysanthemum. (27/66)

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Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human HCC MHCC97H cells with Chrysanthemum indicum extract. (28/66)

AIM: To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum extract (CIE) on inhibition of proliferation and on apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) MHCC97H cell line. METHODS: Viable rat hepatocytes and human endothelial ECV304 cells were examined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assay, respectively, as normal controls. The proliferation of MHCC97H cells was determined by MTT assay. The cellular morphology of MHCC97H cells was observed by phase contrast microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell apoptosis with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), mitochondrial membrane potential with rhodamine 123 and cell cycle with PI in MHCC97H cells. Apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3 and cell cycle proteins, including P21 and CDK4, were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: CIE inhibited proliferation of MHCC97H cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes and human endothelial cells. CIE induced apoptosis of MHCC97H cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry. The apoptosis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. CIE arrested the cell cycle in the S phase by increasing P21 and decreasing CDK4 protein expression. CONCLUSION: CIE exerted a significant apoptotic effect through a mitochondrial pathway and arrested the cell cycle by regulation of cell cycle-related proteins in MHCC97H cells without an effect on normal cells. The cancer-specific selectivity shown in this study suggests that the plant extract could be a promising novel treatment for human cancer.  (+info)

Isolation of a gibberellin-producing fungus (Penicillium sp. MH7) and growth promotion of Crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium). (29/66)

Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) are well known for the production of useful secondary metabolites. However, limited information's are available on gibberellin (GA) production capacity of PGPF of endophytic origin. In current study, 15 fungal endophytes were isolated from the roots of Crown daisy, and then screened on Waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungi. The fungal isolate MH7 significantly increased shoot length (12.1 cm) of Waito-c in comparison to control treatment (7.9 cm). In a separate experiment, culture filtrate (CF) of MH7 significantly promoted growth attributes of Crown daisy. The MH7 CF was analyzed for gibberellins and it contained all physiologically active gibberellins (GA1, 1.37 ng/ml; GA3, 5.88 ng/ml; GA4, 8.62 ng/ml and GA7, 2.05 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA9 (0.83 ng/ml), GA12 (0.44 ng/ml), GA15 (0.74 ng/ml), GA19 (1.16 ng/ml) and GA20 (0.98 ng/ml). The CF of MH7 produced higher amounts of GA3, GA4, GA7, GA9 and GA12 than wild type Fusarium fujikuroi, which was used as control for GA production. The fungal isolate MH7 was later identified as a new strain of Penicillium on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence.  (+info)

Strigolactone regulation of shoot branching in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum). (30/66)

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Effects of Pseudomonas putida S1Pf1Rif against chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma infection. (31/66)

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Abscisic acid in salt stress predisposition to phytophthora root and crown rot in tomato and chrysanthemum. (32/66)

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