Organophosphate poisoning due to a wheat bagel.
(33/98)
OBJECTIVE: Organophosphate compounds are possibly the most widely-used insecticides worldwide. Organophosphate compounds cause poisoning, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase at the cholinergic synapses. Civilian casualties resulted from a terrorist attack with sarin in a Tokyo subway. Recent terrorist activities have also raised concerns that organophosphate or nerve agents may be used as a weapon of terror or mass destruction. METHODS: In this study, an extraordinary type of mass poisoning was evaluated. Especially by focusing on the way of poisoning, the demographic features and clinical findings of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: After eating a wheat bagel, 13 patients with organophosphate poisoning were admitted to our emergency department. Seven were males and 6 were females. The mean age of the patients was 26 +/- 13.9. The mean serum acetylcholinesterase level was 2945.1+/-2648.9 U/L. Nine patients who had supportive treatment and who were given atropine and pralidoxime were hospitalized approximately 6.8+/-6.5 days. All of the patients recovered after the treatment and no deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: If organophosphate poisoning is not diagnosed and treated in time, it may be fatal. When cases of food poisoning are admitted to the hospital, attention must be taken especially if it is a mass poisoning. (+info)
Structure-activity analysis of aging and reactivation of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by analogues of tabun.
(34/98)
Structure of HI-6*sarin-acetylcholinesterase determined by X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulation: reactivator mechanism and design.
(35/98)
New series of monoquaternary pyridinium oximes: Synthesis and reactivation potency for paraoxon-inhibited electric eel and recombinant human acetylcholinesterase.
(36/98)
Effects of butanedione monoxime on neuromuscular transmission.
(38/98)
1. The amplitude of endplate potentials was increased by concentrations of butanedione monoxime (BDM, 5-20 mM) that typically caused muscle paralysis. 2. Although BDM slowed the decay of spontaneous miniature endplate currents, the effect was insufficient to explain most of the large increase in amplitude of endplate potentials. 3. The quantal content of endplate potentials was increased by BDM in a reversible, concentration-dependent manner. 4. The frequency of miniature endplate potentials was not changed by 10 mM BDM in the presence of normal or raised potassium concentrations, indicating that BDM does not change quantal content by a direct effect on calcium channels or on steady-state intracellular calcium concentration. 5. A change in the time course of the extracellularly recorded nerve terminal action potential caused by BDM was similar to the change produced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). 6. The increase in quantal content produced by BDM was only slightly reduced in the presence of 1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) but was significantly reduced in the presence of 0.5 to 1 mM 4-AP. 7. It was concluded that BDM blocks a 4-AP-sensitive potassium conductance in motor nerve terminals and, by increasing the duration of the action potential in this way, increases evoked transmitter release. (+info)
Reaction pathway and free-energy barrier for reactivation of dimethylphosphoryl-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
(39/98)
Time-dependent changes in concentration of two clinically used acetylcholinesterase reactivators (HI-6 and obidoxime) in rat plasma determined by HPLC techniques after in vivo administration.
(40/98)
A simple and reliable HPLC method for determination of rat plasma levels of clinically used acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (HI-6 and obidoxime) is presented in our study. Separation was carried out by HPLC using an octadecyl silica stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of 24% acetonitrile and containing 5 mM sodium octanesulfonate and 5 mM tetramethylammonium chloride (pH 2.3). Following intramuscular administration of equimolar doses of both oximes (22.23 mg/kg), the maximum of HI-6 concentration in rat plasma was reached in about 20 min giving 15.26 +/- 1.71 microg/mL. The distribution of obidoxime was fast; the single maximum 23.62 +/- 3.563 microg/mL was recorded at about 10 min. HPLC with UV detection presented in our study is a general method which could be applied for quick measurements of bisquaternary AChE reactivators in rat plasma. (+info)