The venous anatomy of the scaphoid. (57/190)

The intraosseous injection of coloured latex allows the venous drainage of a particular area of a bone to be studied. The extraosseous anatomy is visualised by chemical digestion of the soft tissues, the intraosseous anatomy by clearing the bone using the Spalteholz technique. When applied to the proximal pole of the scaphoid, this showed the venous drainage to be via the dorsal ridge into the venae comitantes of the radial artery.  (+info)

The accuracy of dental panoramic radiography as an indicator of chronological age in Iranian individuals. (58/190)

Growth rate is dependent on genetic and environmental factors and varies between the sexes, between individuals of the same population and between populations themselves. There is strong concern over the dental and bone testing procedures conducted to determine the age of young individuals for legal reasons. Inaccurate results would lead authorities to imprison some children in adult prisons, which are unsafe and inappropriate for minors. This study was designed to determine the relationship between dental age, the age from dental panoramic radiography, skeletal age and chronological age in patients referring to dental clinics of Yazd, Iran, for third molar surgery. The sample for the study consisted of 58 subjects between 15-25 years of age. The results indicated that estimating the age by examination of extracted lower wisdom teeth was most accurate. However, as use of this method i.e. extraction of tooth or dental surgery is not possible in normal individuals. Estimating the age from dental panoramic radiography showed high accuracy when applied to the patients.  (+info)

Gender differences in capitate kinematics are eliminated after accounting for variation in carpal size. (59/190)

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Semiautomated three-dimensional segmentation software to quantify carpal bone volume changes on wrist CT scans for arthritis assessment. (60/190)

Rapid progression of joint destruction is an indication of poor prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computed tomography (CT) has the potential to serve as a gold standard for joint imaging since it provides high resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of bone structure. The authors have developed a method to quantify erosion volume changes on wrist CT scans. In this article they present a description and validation of the methodology using multiple scans of a hand phantom and five human subjects. An anthropomorphic hand phantom was imaged with a clinical CT scanner at three different orientations separated by a 30-deg angle. A reader used the semiautomated software tool to segment the individual carpal bones of each CT scan. Reproducibility was measured as the root-mean-square standard deviation (RMMSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV) between multiple measurements of the carpal volumes. Longitudinal erosion progression was studied by inserting simulated erosions in a paired second scan. The change in simulated erosion size was calculated by performing 3D image registration and measuring the volume difference between scans in a region adjacent to the simulated erosion. The RMSSD for the total carpal volumes was 21.0 mm3 (CoV = 1.3%) for the phantom, and 44.1 mm3 (CoV = 3.0%) for the in vivo subjects. Using 3D registration and local volume difference calculations, the RMMSD was 1.0-3.0 mm3 The reader time was approximately 5 min per carpal bone. There was excellent agreement between the measured and simulated erosion volumes. The effect of a poorly measured volume for a single erosion is mitigated by the large number of subjects that would comprise a clinical study and that there will be many erosions measured per patient. CT promises to be a quantifiable tool to measure erosion volumes and may serve as a gold standard that can be used in the validation of other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging.  (+info)

Analysis of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in synovial fluid, serum and urine from 51 racehorses with carpal bone fracture. (61/190)

We investigated the relationship between cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels in synovial fluid (SF), serum and urine and the development of osteochondral damage and osteophyte (OP) formation following intraarticular fractures of the carpus in racehorses in order to assess the clinical usefulness of COMP as a diagnostic biomarker of developmental osteoarthritis (OA). Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb clones 2A11 and 3C8) raised against equine COMP were shown to be capable of detecting the molecule in serum and urine as well as SF. Fifty-one samples were obtained from 26 OP-positive (OP(+)) and 25 OP-negative (OP(-)) racehorses with carpal bone fracture, in whom OP was ascertained arthroscopically and radiographically. The COMP measurements obtained using the two mAbs were highly correlated with each other in SF, serum, or urine. Horses with OP(+) showed a significantly higher [urinary COMP (microg)]/[urinary creatinine (mg)] ratio (4.94 +/- 5.10 and 1.46 +/- 1.19, using mAbs 2A11 and 3C8, respectively) than OP(-) horses (2.80 +/- 1.72 and 0.93 +/- 0.49, respectively). The relationship between serum and urine COMP levels and the period from injury to surgery were extrapolated using a polynomial expression. Measurement of COMP, especially in urine, has potential as a predictive marker of advanced OA following carpal bone fractures in racehorses.  (+info)

Need the thumb be immobilised in scaphoid fractures? A randomised prospective trial. (62/190)

Immobilisation of the thumb is widely believed to be important in the management of fractures of the carpal scaphoid. To assess the need for this, we randomly allocated 392 fresh fractures for treatment by either a forearm gauntlet (Colles') cast, leaving the thumb free, or by a conventional 'scaphoid' plaster incorporating the thumb as far as its interphalangeal joint. In the 292 fractures which were followed for six months, the incidence of nonunion was independent of the type of cast used.  (+info)

Circadian rhythm of osteocalcin in the maxillomandibular complex. (63/190)

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Clinical evaluation of proximal row carpectomy revealed by follow-up for 10-29 years. (64/190)

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