Successful isolation and PCR amplification of DNA from National Institute of Standards and Technology herbal dietary supplement standard reference material powders and extracts.
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Identification of a major polyphenol and polyphenolic composition in leaves of Camellia irrawadiensis.
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The polyphenolic composition of Camellia irrawadiensis, which is a closely related species of Camellia sinensis (cultivated tea), was investigated. The most predominant polyphenol, a kind of ellagitannin, was isolated from leaves of C. irrawadiensis. Its structure was established as 1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose (2) on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Moreover, the polyphenols [catechins, strictinin (1), compound 2, theogallin, and gallic acid] and two methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine) in leaves of C. irrawadiensis were determined by HPLC-Photodiode array detector analysis, and were compared to those in C. sinensis and Camellia taliensis. Total catechin content in C. irrawadiensis was lower than that in C. sinensis and C. taliensis. Theobromine content in C. irrawadiensis was higher than that in C. sinensis and C. taliensis. The content of 2 in C. irrawadiensis was 8.4% of dry leaf weight and comprised approximately 60% of the total polyphenols detected, while the compound was not detected in C. sinensis and was reported to be 2.4% in C. taliensis. (+info)
Natural selection drives the fine-scale divergence of a coevolutionary arms race involving a long-mouthed weevil and its obligate host plant.
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Triterpenoids from Camellia japonica and their cytotoxic activity.
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From the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem bark of Camellia japonica, three new triterpenoids, 3beta-O-acetyl-16beta-hydroxy-12-oxoolean (6), 3beta-O-acetyl-16beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-ene (7), and 3beta-O-acetyl-16beta-hydroxyolean-12-ene (8), along with seven known compounds, 3alpha-hydroxy-1-oxofriedelan (1), friedelin (2), 3beta-friedelanol (3), canophyllol (4), 3-oxofriedelan-1(2)-ene (5), beta-amyrin (9), camellenodiol (10), and camelledionol (11) were isolated. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against the A549, LLC, HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Among them, compound 8 showed cytotoxicity against LLC and HL-60 cancer cell lines with IC(50) values of 25.2 and 21.7 microM, respectively. (+info)
The hypoglycemic effects of Camellia assamica var. kucha extract.
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Kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) is an endemic tea that grows in cloudy and foggy highlands in southwest China. Its hypoglycemic effects were studied here. The postprandial blood glucose levels in mice after sucrose and soluble starch loading were significantly reduced by Kucha administration. The glycosidase inhibitory activities were effective both in vitro and in vivo. It is concluded that the hypoglycemic effects of Kucha might be due to inhibition of disaccharidases activities. (+info)
In vitro and in vivo effects of water extract of white cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) against human prostate cancer.
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Aroma characteristics of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang).
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Three types of Cocoa tea, green, oolong, and black, were prepared from fresh young leaves of Camellia ptilophylla. Their aroma characteristics were compared by a sensory evaluation with corresponding traditional tea samples made from C. sinensis. The aroma profile of Cocoa green tea was quite different from that of traditional green tea, but fermented Cocoa oolong tea and black tea showed aroma profiles similar to those of traditional oolong tea and black tea. Cocoa green tea contained vanillin as the most abundant aroma constituent. Almost the same aroma compounds of jasmine lactone, indole and monoterpene alcohols, which are known as important aroma constituents in commercial oolong tea and black tea, were identified as the main aroma compounds in the fermented Cocoa tea types. The composition of these aroma compounds well explained the aroma profile of each Cocoa tea. The monoterpene alcohols seemed to be released during fermented tea manufacture, because seventeen glycosides consisting of the aglycons of terpene alcohols were identified in Cocoa tea leaves, and hydrolytic activity of crude enzymes in the p-nitrophenol glycoside substrate was also detected. (+info)
Medicinal Flowers. XXXI. Acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, Sasanquasaponins I-V, with antiallergic activity from the flower buds of Camellia sasanqua.
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The methanolic extract and its 1-butanol-soluble fraction from the flower buds of Camellia sasanqua THUNB. were found to show inhibitory activities on the release of beta-hexosaminidase from rat basophile leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. From the 1-butanol-soluble fraction, five new acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, sasanquasaponins I-V, were isolated together with a known saponin and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The principal saponin constituents, sasanquasaponins I-III, with an acyl group at the 22-position of the aglycon part showed the inhibitory effects on the release of beta-hexosaminidase and some structure-activity relationships were reported. (+info)