Combination of intraoperative embolization with surgical resection for treatment of giant cerebral arteriovenous malformation. (1/10)

OBJECTIVE: To reduce the risk of surgical resection of giant arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (> 6.0 cm) and prevent normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) for lowering the postoperative mortality. METHODS: During the operation under barbiturate anesthesia, the proximal end of the feeding arteries were ligated at first, and 0.5 ml isobutyl 12-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) with 0.5 ml 5% glucose was injected into the vessels towards the AVM, then the malformed vessels were resected totally. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography of the four vessels was performed in all patients. RESULTS: 50 patients with giant AVM survived after operation, only 6 (12.0%) had transient neurological dysfunction and 44 (88.0%) recovered after a follow-up of 6-36 months. No patient suffered from normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB). CONCLUSIONS: The embolization could block the arteriovenous shunts sufficiently to decrease the blood flow away from the normal areas of the brain so as to prevent the incidence of intra- and postoperative rebleeding, especially in NPPB. Therefore, the combination of intraoperative embolization with surgical resection is an effective strategy in the treatment of giant cerebral AVMs, which make it operable for those used to be regarded as inoperable cases.  (+info)

Treatment of a primary type IA endoleak with a liquid embolic system under conditions of aortic occlusion. (2/10)

We present the case of a primary type IA endoleak after deployment of a bifurcated Ancure endograft (Guidant Endovascular Solutions, Menlo Park, Calif) to treat a 9-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm with a short angulated neck. The endoleak was treated unsuccessfully with repeat balloon angioplasty, placement of a Palmaz aortic stent (Cordis Endovascular, Miami, Fla), and deployment of an AneuRx aortic extender cuff (Medtronic AneuRx, Santa Rosa, Calif). The endoleak then was sealed with injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate into the aneurysm sac at the site of the leak with occlusion of aortic flow. We suggest the use of this liquid embolic agent be considered as an adjunct to control primary type IA endoleaks when other forms of therapy have failed.  (+info)

Determinants of staged endovascular and surgical treatment outcome of brain arteriovenous malformations. (3/10)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapy of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often requires the combination of different treatment modalities. Independently assessed data on neurologic outcome after multidisciplinary AVM therapy are scarce. METHODS: The 119 consecutive patients (49% women, mean age 34+/-13 years) with brain AVMs receiving endovascular embolization followed by surgical treatment were analyzed. Neurologic impairment was assessed prospectively by a neurologist using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) before, during, and after completed AVM therapy. The association of demographic, clinical, and morphologic characteristics with new treatment-related neurologic deficits was calculated. RESULTS: The 119 patients were treated with 240 superselective embolizations (median, 2; range, 1 to 8) using n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Mean follow-up time after surgery was 9.6+/-13.2 months. On the Spetzler-Martin scale, 8% of the AVMs were grade 1, 27% grade 2, 40% grade 3, 22% grade 4, and 3% grade 5. Disabling treatment-related complications (mRS> or =3) occurred in 5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1% to 9%) of the patients. Nondisabling new deficits were observed in another 42% (95% CI, 33% to 51%). No patient died. Nonhemorrhagic AVM presentation (odds ratio [OR], 5.00; 95% CI, 1.75 to 14.29), deep venous drainage (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.43 to 6.64), AVM location in an eloquent brain region (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.10 to 5.33), and large AVM size (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.09) were independently associated with new treatment-related deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an increased treatment risk for patients with previously unbled AVMs from combined endovascular and surgical AVM therapy. Additional risk factors for treatment-related neurologic deficits may be large AVM size, deep venous drainage, and AVM location in eloquent brain regions.  (+info)

siRNA nanoformulation against the ret/PTC1 junction oncogene is efficient in an in vivo model of papillary thyroid carcinoma. (4/10)

Delivery is a very important concern for therapeutic applications of siRNA. In this study, we have used chitosan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles to deliver siRNA with a complementary sequence to the fusion oncogene ret/PTC1. By screening the mRNA junction we have selected a potent siRNA sequence able to inhibit this oncogene in a model of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma cells. This siRNA sequence has then been validated by a shRNA approach using the same sequence. Furthermore, the high ret/PTC1 inhibition has triggered a phenotypic reversion of the transformed cells. We have designed well-defined chitosan decorated nanoparticles and succeeded to reduce their size. They have allowed to protect ret/PTC1 siRNA from in vivo degradation and leading to significant tumour growth inhibition after intratumoral administration.  (+info)

An unusual cause of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm: acrylate embolism. (5/10)

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Obliteration of esophageal varices by PTP: a follow-up of 43 patients. (6/10)

The percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization (PTP) with selective obliteration of the coronary vein and/or the short gastric veins in treating bleeding esophageal varices was introduced in 1974. In order to prevent recanalization of the vessels Bucrylate (isobutyl-2-cyano-acrylate) has been used in 43 patients 55 times during a period of 34 months (October 1975 to July 1978). The obliterative treatment was followed by rebleeding in 35% of the cases and continued bleeding occurred in two patients. Fourteen patients were treated on 16 occasions during acute bleedings, and five of these (36%) died within two months from a portal vein thrombosis caused by the obliterative procedure. Because of these findings PTP with obliteration of the veins feeding the esophageal varices is not recommended as an elective way of treatment. It should only be used in the acute bleeding patient when transesophageal sclerosering therapy, continuous vasopressin infusion and balloon tamponade have failed. Fifty-six per cent of the patients acutely treated stopped bleeding for more than one week, thus avoiding an emergency shunt or devascularization operation which are associated with a high mortality rate.  (+info)

Qualitative and quantitative effects of ACTH, piromen, cytoxan and isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate treatments following spinal cord transection in rats. (7/10)

Adult, male, Long-Evans hooded rats were subjected to a spinal cord transection in the mid-thoracic region. Following surgery, animals were divided into groups for treatments with ACTH, Piromen, isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate and Cytoxan. Animals were sacrificed at varying intervals from 7-180 days. Horizontal sections of the lesion site were stained with the Bodian silver and Gomori trichrome techniques and numbers of nerve fibers counted within the lesion. Statistical analysis of the quantitative data indicated that Piromen and Cytoxan, respectively, were significantly more effective than the other treatments in promoting regeneration of nerve fibers into the scar. Microcysts appeared adjacent to the lesion in all animals early in the postoperative period and coalesced to form large cavitations which continued to enlarge throughout the postoperative period. Although nerve fibers appeared to traverse the lesion, no return of function was observed.  (+info)

Percutaneous endovascular embolization of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations. Experience in 72 cases. (8/10)

Endovascular therapeutic embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain was performed in 72 patients between October 1986 and March 1993. From October 1986 to May 1991, 38 patients in this series were treated with isobuty1-2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) glue. After June 1991, in the remaining 34 patients the embolic materials used included surgical silk (5-0), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethanol, and estrogen. After treatment, 29 patients (40.3%) had complete angiographic obliteration of AVM, 15 (21%) transient neurologic postembolization deficit, and 3 (4%) permanent deficit without death. Embolic agents and procedures are discussed as to their curative effects, safety, normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) problem, with silk mixture fluid being considered preferable.  (+info)