Effect of inhaled budesonide therapy on lung function in schoolchildren born preterm.
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We investigated the effect of inhaled glucocorticoid (GC) on bronchial obstruction and on bronchial lability in schoolchildren born preterm. Twenty-one children with bronchial obstruction, increased responsiveness to a beta2-agonist, and/or increased diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow (PEF) were selected for an open longitudinal study of the value of inhaled GC. None of these children had an earlier diagnosis of asthma or current GC treatment. Eighteen children with median (range) birth weight 1025 (640-1600) g and gestational age 28 (24-35) weeks, age at study 10.1 (7.7-13) years, were treated with inhaled budesonide in initially high (0.8 mg m(-2) day(-1) for 1 month) and subsequently lower dose (0.4 mg m(-2) day(-1) for 3 months). Daily symptom scores were recorded. Spirometric values were measured in the clinic at the beginning and end of each treatment period. At home, children used a data storage spirometer. After treatment with budesonide for 4 months, spirometric values in the clinic did not significantly change. The median forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 74% of predicted both at entry and after budesonide treatment. However, the median number of > or = 20% diurnal change in PEF values at home decreased during treatment. According to the present study, inhaled budesonide for 4 months had no significant effect on basic lung function but may decrease bronchial lability in schoolchildren born preterm. (+info)
Spontaneous pneumothorax: pragmatic management and long-term outcome.
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We prospectively considered 65 patients admitted for a spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) to describe the pragmatic management of SP, the first recurrence-free interval after medical therapeutic procedure and to specify the first recurrence risk factors over a 7-year period in these patients treated medically. The treatment options were observation alone (9%), needle aspiration (6%), small calibre chest tube (Pleurocatheter) drainage (28%) or thoracic tube drainage (49%), and pleurodesis with video-assisted thoracic surgery procedure (8%). Duration of the drainage and length of hospital stay were shorter in the Pleurocatheter group than in the thoracic tube group (P < 0.01). Among the 47 patients (72%) with a first SP and treated medically, nine patients (19%) had a first homolateral recurrence (FHR) during a mean follow-up of 84+/-13 months. Recurrence-free intervals ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean +/- SD: 9.3+/-8.4 months). FHR cases were more frequent in the Pleurocatheter group (P < 0 04). Analysis of potential risk factors showed that the patient's height and a previous homolateral SP episode are independent recurrence risk factors. (+info)
The biphasic spirogram: a clue to unilateral narrowing of a mainstem bronchus.
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Two patients with narrowing of a mainstem bronchus each showed two unusual functional features that are likely to be characteristic of this condition. The maximum inspiratory flow-volume curve showed an end inspiratory "tail" and the forced expiratory spirogram had a biphasic shape with normal initial curvature but a "straight line" appearance in later expiration. In one patient relief of the bronchial stenosis by the insertion of a stent restored normal contours to the spirogram and flow-volume curves. (+info)
Associations of dairy intake with CT lung density and lung function.
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OBJECTIVE: Dairy products contain vitamin D and other nutrients that may be beneficial for lung function, but they are also high in fats that may have mixed effects on lung function. However, the overall associations of dairy intake with lung density and lung function have not been studied. METHODS: We examined the cross-sectional relationships between dairy intake and computed tomography (CT) lung density and lung function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Total, low-fat, and high-fat dairy intakes were quantified from food frequency questionnaire responses of men and women who were ages 45-84 years and free of clinical cardiovascular disease. The MESA-Lung Study assessed CT lung density from cardiac CT imaging and prebronchodilator spirometry among 3965 MESA participants. RESULTS: Total dairy intake was inversely associated with apical-basilar difference in percent emphysema and positively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (the multivariate-adjusted mean difference between the highest and lowest quintiles of total dairy intake was -0.92 [p for trend = 0.04] for apical-basilar difference in percent emphysema and 72.0 mL [p = 0.01] for FVC). Greater low-fat dairy intake was associated with higher alpha (higher alpha values indicate less emphysema) and lower apical-basilar difference in percent emphysema (corresponding differences in alpha and apical-basilar difference in percent emphysema were 0.04 [p = 0.02] and -0.98 [p = 0.01] for low-fat dairy intake, respectively). High-fat dairy intake was not associated with lung density measures. Greater low- or high-fat dairy intake was not associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), FVC, and FEV(1)/FVC. CONCLUSIONS: Higher low-fat dairy intake but not high-fat dairy intake was associated with moderately improved CT lung density. (+info)
Effect of inhaled dust mite allergen on regional particle deposition and mucociliary clearance in allergic asthmatics.
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Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers.
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We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 men (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). Men with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled histamine sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to men with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of allergy (usually allergic rhinitis), but was not related to a family history of allergic disease, total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking. (+info)