A modeling framework to describe the transmission of bluetongue virus within and between farms in Great Britain. (49/204)

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A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serogroups. (50/204)

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants and results in significant economic loss. The closely related Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. Although U.S. EHDV strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection in cattle. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of BTV and EHDV is required. The genetic sequence information and bioinformatic analysis necessary to design a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the early detection of indigenous and exotic BTV and EHDV is described. This sequence data foundation focused on 2 conserved target genes: one that is highly expressed in infected mammalian cells, and the other is highly expressed in infected insect cells. The analysis of all BTV and EHDV prototype strains indicated that a complex primer design was necessary for both a virus group-comprehensive and virus group-specific gene amplification diagnostic test. This information has been used as the basis for the development of a rapid multiplex BTV-EHDV real-time RT-PCR that detects all known serotypes of both viruses and distinguishes between BTV and EHDV serogroups. The sensitivity of this rapid, single-tube, real-time RT-PCR assay is sufficient for diagnostic application, without the contamination problems associated with standard gel-based RT-PCR, especially nested RT-PCR tests.  (+info)

Transplacental transmission of bluetongue virus 8 in cattle, UK. (51/204)

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Agricultural diseases on the move early in the third millennium. (52/204)

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Fatal bluetongue virus infection in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in California. (53/204)

In October 2008, a 15-year-old female alpaca (Vicugna pacos) housed at a breeding farm in northern California died after a brief illness characterized by sudden onset of weakness, recumbency, and respiratory distress. Postmortem examination revealed severe hydrothorax and hydropericardium, marked pulmonary edema, and acute superficial myocardial hemorrhage affecting the left ventricle. Bluetongue virus (BTV) was detected in the spleen by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by sequence analysis. No antibodies against BTV were detected in the serum using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confirming acute, fulminant BTV infection.  (+info)

Re-emergence of bluetongue, African horse sickness, and other orbivirus diseases. (54/204)

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The spread of bluetongue virus serotype 8 in Great Britain and its control by vaccination. (55/204)

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The most likely time and place of introduction of BTV8 into Belgian ruminants. (56/204)

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