Biliary strictures in 130 consecutive right lobe living donor liver transplant recipients: results of a Western center.
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Biliary strictures remain the most challenging aspect of adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT). Between 04/2000 and 10/2005, 130 consecutive RLDLTs were performed in our center and followed prospectively. Median follow-up was 23 months (range 3-67) and 1-year graft and patient survival was 85% and 87%, respectively. Overall incidence of biliary leaks (n = 19) or strictures (n = 22) was 32% (41/128) in 33 patients (26%). A duct-to-duct (D-D) or Roux-en-Y (R-Y) anastomosis were performed equally (n = 64 each) with no difference in stricture rate (p = 0.31). The use of ductoplasty increased the number of grafts with a single duct for anastomosis and reduced the biliary complication rate compared to grafts >/=2 ducts (17% vs. 46%; p = 0.02). Independent risk factors for strictures included older donor age and previous history of a bile leak. All strictures were managed nonsurgically initially but four patients ultimately required conversion from D-D to R-Y. Ninety-six percent (123/128) of patients are currently free of any biliary complications. D-D anastomosis is safe after RLDLT and provides access for future endoscopic therapy in cases of leak or stricture. When presented with multiple bile ducts, ductoplasty should be considered to reduce the potential chance of stricture. (+info)
Management of massive arterial hemorrhage after pancreatobiliary surgery: does embolotherapy contribute to successful outcome?
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Massive arterial hemorrhage is, although unusual, a life-threatening complication of major pancreatobiliary surgery. Records of 351 patients who underwent major surgery for malignant pancreatobiliary disease were reviewed in this series. Thirteen patients (3.7%) experienced massive hemorrhage after surgery. Complete hemostasis by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or re-laparotomy was achieved in five patients and one patient, respectively. However, 7 of 13 cases ended in fatality, which is a 54% mortality rate. Among six survivors, one underwent selective TAE for a pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery (RHA). Three patients underwent TAE proximal to the proper hepatic artery (PHA): hepatic inflow was maintained by successful TAE of the gastroduodenal artery in two and via a well-developed subphrenic artery in one. One patient had TAE of the celiac axis for a pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery (SPA), and hepatic inflow was maintained by the arcades around the pancreatic head. One patient who experienced a pseudoaneurysm of the RHA after left hemihepatectomy successfully underwent re-laparotomy, ligation of RHA, and creation of an ileocolic arterioportal shunt. In contrast, four of seven patients with fatal outcomes experienced hepatic infarction following TAE proximal to the PHA or injury of the common hepatic artery during angiography. One patient who underwent a major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct cancer had a recurrent hemorrhage after TAE of the gastroduodenal artery and experienced hepatic failure. In the two patients with a pseudoaneurysm of the SPA or the superior mesenteric artery, an emergency re-laparotomy was required to obtain hemostasis because of worsening clinical status. Selective TAE distal to PHA or in the SPA is usually successful. TAE proximal to PHA must be restricted to cases where collateral hepatic blood flow exists. Otherwise or for a pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery, endovascular stenting, temporary creation of an ileocolic arterioportal shunt, or vascular reconstruction by re-laparotomy is an alternative. (+info)
Successful internalization of a chronic biliary cutaneous fistula after liver transplantation: deepithelializing the fistula tract.
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Biliary cutaneous fistulas are uncommon sequelae after biliary surgery and can be a source of significant morbidity. We describe a liver recipient who developed a biliary cutaneous fistula secondary to hepatic artery thrombosis; this subsequently drained for over 7 years. Through a novel approach, using the transabdominal fistula tract as a conduit, the fistula skin opening was deepithelialized and anastomosed to a jejunal loop, internally draining the tract. For over 7 years postoperatively, this internal drainage procedure has continued to function effectively. This approach may have value in internalizing longstanding biliary cutaneous fistulas in well-selected patients in whom there is no existing biliary ductal system or the existing system anatomically does not lend itself to restoration of functional internal drainage through conventional approaches. (+info)
Long-term results of a primary end-to-end anastomosis in peroperative detected bile duct injury.
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The management of a bile duct injury detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still under discussion. An end-to-end anastomosis (with or without T-tube drainage) in peroperative detected bile duct injury has been reported to be associated with stricture formation of the anastomosis area and recurrent jaundice. Between 1991 and 2005, 56 of a total of 500 bile duct injury patients were referred for treating complications after a primary end-to-end anastomosis. After referral, 43 (77%) patients were initially treated endoscopically or by percutaneous transhepatic stent placement (n = 3; 5%). After a mean follow-up of 7 +/- 3.3 years, 37 patients (66%) were successfully treated with dilatation and endoscopically placed stents. One patient died due to a treatment-related complication. A total of 18 patients (32%) underwent a hepaticojejunostomy. Postoperative complications occurred in three patients (5%) without hospital mortality. These data confirm that end-to-end anastomosis might be considered as a primary treatment for peroperative detected transection of the bile duct without extensive tissue loss. Complications (stricture or leakage) can be adequately managed by endoscopic or percutaneous drainage the majority of patients (66%) and reconstructive surgery after complicated end-to-end anastomosis is a procedure with relative low morbidity and no mortality. (+info)
Current surgical treatment for bile duct cancer.
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Since extrahepatic bile duct cancer is difficult to diagnose and to cure, a safe and radical surgical strategy is needed. In this review, the modes of infiltration and spread of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and surgical strategy are discussed. Extended hemihepatectomy, with or without pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), plus extrahepatic bile duct resection and regional lymphadenectomy has recently been recognized as the standard curative treatment for hilar bile duct cancer. On the other hand, PD is the choice of treatment for middle and distal bile duct cancer. Major hepatectomy concomitant with PD (hepatopancreatoduodenectomy) has been applied to selected patients with widespread tumors. Preoperative biliary drainage (BD) followed by portal vein embolization (PVE) enables major hepatectomy in patients with hilar bile duct cancer without mortality. BD should be performed considering the surgical procedure, especially, in patients with separated intrahepatic bile ducts caused by hilar bile duct cancer. Right or left trisectoriectomy are indicated according to the tumor spread and biliary anatomy. As a result, extended radical resection offers a chance for cure of hilar bile duct cancer with improved resectability, curability, and a 5-year survival rate of 40%. A 5-year survival rate has ranged from 24% to 39% after PD for middle and distal bile duct cancer. (+info)
Management of adult choledochal cyst.
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INTRODUCTION: Choledochal cyst is a rare benign biliary disease mostly presenting during childhood. Adult presentation is rare and associated diseases and complications are common. This paper aims to review the management of adult patients who presented to our institution with choledochal cyst, focusing on their presentation, preoperative investigations, surgical treatment given and postoperative course. METHODS: A retrospective review of all our choledochal cyst patients from January 2000 to August 2004 was performed. Data collected included demographics and clinical information. RESULTS: There were ten patients, eight female (80 percent) and two male (20 percent). The average age at presentation was 38.6 (range 16-81) years. The commonest presenting complaints were obstructive biliary disease (nine out of ten, 90 percent). There were seven Type I (70 percent), one type IVA (10 percent), one type IVB (10 percent) and one (10 percent) with Caroli's disease. Two patients had concomitant cholangiocarcinoma (20 percent). Three patients had associated cystolithiasis and one patient had pancreatitis. One patient had early cirrhosis due to her disease. Six patients underwent total cyst excision with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. One patient who previously had a biliary bypass underwent further resection of her cyst and Whipple's operation because of development of cholangiocarcinoma in the distal remnant cyst. They are currently well with no surgical complications. The average length of follow-up was 16 months (range six months to three years). CONCLUSION: Adult patients with choledochal cyst have associated biliary problems such as the presence of cholangiocarcinoma, cystolithiasis, cholecystitis and liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. They tend to present similar to obstructive biliary disease. The best surgical option for these patients is a total cyst excision together with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. (+info)
Iatrogenic bile duct injuries from biliary tract surgery.
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BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed procedure in general surgery. However, bile duct injury is a rare but still one of the most common complications. These injuries sometimes present variably after primary surgery. Timely detection and appropriate management decrease the morbidity and mortality of the operation. METHODS: Five cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI) were managed at the Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University. All the cases who underwent both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy had persistent injury to the biliary tract and were treated accordingly. RESULTS: Recovery of the patients was uneventful. All patients were followed-up at the surgical outpatient department for six months to three years. So far the patients have shown good recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of IBDI it is necessary to perform the operation under the supervision of an experienced surgeon who is specialized in the repair of bile duct injuries, and it is also necessary to detect and treat the injury as soon as possible to obtain a satisfactory outcome. (+info)
Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm associated with plastic biliary stent.
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The increased use of interventional procedures and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of hepatobiliary disorders is associated with an increased incidence of hemobilia and hepatic artery aneurysm. Here we report a case of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm associated with a plastic biliary stent. Multiple factors were involved in the formation of the hepatic artery aneurysm (HAA) and it was successfully treated by embolization. (+info)