Plasma membrane Mg(2+)-ATPase of Pachysolen tannophilus: characterization and role in alcohol tolerance.
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Following cell fractionation in sucrose density gradients, plasma membrane Mg(2+)-ATPase from Pachysolen tannophilus was studied. The ATPase displayed an apparent Km for ATP of 1.42 mM and was inhibited by high concentrations of Mg2+. The inhibitory effects of ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and benzyl alcohol on Mg(2+)-ATPase were evaluated, and the concentration of each alcohol that inhibited ATPase activity by 50% (IC50) was determined. The IC50 decreased as the chain length of the alcohol increased. Moreover, the IC50 for ATPase activity was similar to the IC50 for growth rate, suggesting an association between impaired growth and ATPase inhibition. Almost complete inhibition of ATPase activity occurred at temperatures approaching 60 degrees C, and the optimal temperature was around 44 degrees C for ATPase from both control and ethanol-treated cells. Inclusion of 50 mM MgCl2 or CaCl2 in the medium did not rescue cells from the deleterious effects of ethanol. (+info)
Tunneling in C-H oxidation reactions by an oxoiron(IV) porphyrin radical cation: direct measurements of very large H/D kinetic isotope effects.
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Desulfovibrio carbinoliphilus sp. nov., a benzyl alcohol-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a gas condensate-contaminated aquifer.
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The three fungal transmembrane nuclear pore complex proteins of Aspergillus nidulans are dispensable in the presence of an intact An-Nup84-120 complex.
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Activity of yeast alcohol dehydrogenases on benzyl alcohols and benzaldehydes: characterization of ADH1 from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and transition state analysis.
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In vitro evaluation of topical microemulsion of capsaicin free of surfactant.
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Topical microemulsion of capsaicin without surfactant was developed in this study. In these systems, the oil phase was benzyl alcohol, and the cosurfactant was propylene glycol and ethanol. The drop-size of the systems was measured by dynamic light scattering method in order to distinguish true solution from microemulsion. The transdermal performance of the microemulsions was evaluated in vitro by Franz diffusion cells fitted with rat skins. The results showed the drop-size of the microemulsions without surfactant was smaller than that of the systems with Tween 80 and the permeation rate of capsaicin decreased as the content of Tween 80 increased. In the system composed of water, benzyl alcohol and propylene glycol, the permeation rate increased with the enhancement of benzyl alcohol and water. But water content had little effect on the permeation rate in the microemulsions with ethanol as cosurfactant. (+info)
Field methods for sampling and storing nectar from flowers with low nectar volumes.
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