Cholera in Bahrain: epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak.
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In the period 10 August 1978-23 January 1979, 913 culture-confirmed cases of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, occurred in Bahrain. After discovery of the initial cases, others occurred sporadically, and the incidence reached a peak of 25-35 cases per day during the seventh week of the outbreak (16-22 September). The overall attack rate (27 per 10 000) was low and the outbreak subsided without mass immunization campaigns or rigorous border control of persons and imports. Investigation of 746 culture-confirmed cases that occurred in the period 10 August-13 October 1978, showed that cases occurred throughout most areas of the country and mainly affected infants, young children, and adult working-age males. Symptoms were very mild; fewer than 20% of patients required specific rehydration therapy. The highest attack rate (84 per 10 000) occurred in infants less than 1 year of age. No common vehicle or mode of transmission was identified. A matched-pair study of 35 cases and controls showed that adult cases were more likely than controls to have consumed food or beverage outside of the home before becoming ill. V. cholerae was isolated from stored drinking water in the houses of 8 cases but not from numerous samples of food and tap-water. It was presumed that cholera transmission occurred through a complex interaction of mild and asymptomatically infected persons with food, water, and the environment. (+info)
Body composition of athletes in Bahrain.
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A total sample of 304 athletes was selected from first class clubs related to four common sports (football, handball, volleyball and basketball) and compared with 53 non-athlete adults. Weight, height, mid-arm circumference and skinfold thickness were measured to assess their body composition. The findings revealed that there were differences in body composition among athletes according to the type of sport. Basketballers and volleyballers were the tallest athletes, while handballers were the heaviest ones. Skinfold thickness measurements showed that basketball and handball players have more subcutaneous fat than other athletic groups. As compared with non-athletes, the Bahraini players had higher means for height, weight, subscapular, suprailliac thickness and mid-arm circumference. (+info)
Intestinal parasites in the state of Bahrain.
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Intestinal parasites infections are common in the state of Bahrain, but the incidence is decreasing due to improvement in health and social standards. A community-based study sample of all population of Bahrain was done including all ages and nationalities. From 1st July 1984 to 28th February 1986, the first community-based study sample of all population of Bahrain was done including all ages and nationalities. A total number of 2123, about 0.006 of the population of 1981 census was chosen for the study. The study shown that 739 persons were infected with intestinal protozoa and helminths. The figure representing 34.8% of total sample size, whom 283 persons were symptomatic, about 38.3% of total infected sample size. Giardia lamblia and Trichuris trichuria were the most common parasites among the infected persons. (+info)