Aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in rat oocytes.
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Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of extracts from different plant parts of indigenous origin for their hypoglycemic responses in rabbits.
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This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of different plant extracts in single and in combined formulation, in experimentally induced "diabetic rabbits". The extracts were obtained from seeds of Syzygium jambolana, fruits of Momordica charantia and leaves of Azadirachta indica. Treatment of diabetes with plant extracts was started at 8 days after alloxan injection. Rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of six rabbits. Each group of rabbits was given a dose of granules containing 200 mg/kg b.w. concentrated ethanolic extract of a plant while the fourth group was given a dose of granules consisting of combined extract of all three folk plants. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Serum glucose estimation was done by glucose oxidase kit method. Anti-diabetic effect was produced after 72 h in groups 1, 2 and 3 that were administered with a dose of granules of ethanolic extract of single plant but in group 4, treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of combined extract of all three plants, hypoglycemic effect was produced after 96 h. Hypoglycemic effects may be induced in rabbits by administration of extracts of various plant parts. The hypoglycemic effect produced by granules of single plant extract was more pronounced than antidiabetic effect produced by combining three extracts in a single formulation. (+info)
Effects of combined leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica on hepatic morphology and hepatotoxicity markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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OBJECTIVES: In this work, we studied liver morphology, markers of hepatic oxidative stress and some liver enzymes in diabetic rats treated with the combined leaf extract (CLE) of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (neem). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in fasted male Wistar rats with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Oral CLE (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) were administered to different groups of diabetic rats for eight weeks. Blood glucose and change in body weight were estimated weekly. All animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia after eight weeks. Hepatic sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff. Liver samples were homogenized and assayed for contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while the plasma was assayed for contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). RESULTS: Metformin and CLE treatment produced normoglycaemia in the diabetic rats in the course of the treatment period. Significant increases in body weight were observed in the treatment groups compared with the diabetic control rats (P<0.05). In the control and treatment groups, light microscopic study showed intact hepatic histology. Plasma ALT and AST were not significantly different from the control values in the CLE-treated rats. In addition, from week four onwards, blood glucose concentrations in the CLE-treated rats were not different from the normal control (P>0.05). Besides, hepatic MDA (P<0.05) significantly decreased in the CLE-treated rats compared with the normal control. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CLE ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic oxidative stress when administered to diabetic rats as a chronic regimen, and there was no morphologic or biochemical evidence of liver damage at the dose tested. (+info)
Aqueous neem extract versus neem powder on Culex quinquefasciatus: implications for control in anthropogenic habitats.
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Novel anti-inflammatory activity of epoxyazadiradione against macrophage migration inhibitory factor: inhibition of tautomerase and proinflammatory activities of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
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