Falcon adenovirus infection in breeding Taita falcons (Falco fasciinucha).
(17/57)
Four female and 3 male Taita falcons (Falco fasciinucha) out of a breeding colony of 14 Taita falcons (7 pairs) died during the breeding season after showing lethargy and anorexia for 1 to 2 days. All animals were submitted for necropsy. Gross lesions in the female falcons were characterized by anemia secondary to marked hemorrhage into the ovary and oviduct, serofibrinous effusion into the cardioabdominal cavity and serosal petechiae. In addition, marked necrotizing splenitis and pulmonary hemorrhage were present. Histologically, the female falcons had mild necrotizing hepatitis with numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies and necrotizing splenitis with rare inclusion bodies. There were no gross lesions in the male falcons, and the histological lesions were characterized by urate deposition and rare intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal tubular epithelial cells. Adenoviral particles were found by electron microscopy in the cloacal contents of the female Taita falcons but not in the male falcons. DNA in situ hybridization revealed widespread aviadenoviral nucleic acid within the nuclei of hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and adrenal cells in the female falcons but no aviadenoviral nucleic acid in 1 male falcon and only a low quantity of adenoviral nucleic acid in the liver and kidney of another male Taita falcon. PCR amplified aviadenoviral DNA in the liver and intestine of all Taita falcons. The amplicons were sequenced, and the virus was identified as falcon adenovirus. The deaths of the female and male birds were attributed to the aviadenovirus infection. (+info)
Serologic monitoring of a broiler breeder flock previously affected by inclusion body hepatitis and testing of the progeny for vertical transmission of fowl adenoviruses.
(18/57)
The increasing number of clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) associated with fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) is a growing concern in different parts of the world, including Canada. After an outbreak of IBH in a 10-d-old pullet broiler breeder flock, we serologically monitored the flock from 8 to 46 wk of age, using the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) offered by diagnostic laboratories and an FAdV group-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbemt assay (ELISA) developed earlier. In addition, we tested 1-d-old progeny for possible vertical transmission of FAdV when the breeder flock approached the peak of egg production by performing virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures on target organs. As in previous studies comparing the 2 tests, ELISA was more sensitive than AGPT. With ELISA, a few birds had weakly positive results at 8 wk of age, and all the birds had strongly positive results from 12 wk of age until the end of the study. This group-specific ELISA is therefore a sensitive and practical way to monitor FAdV antibodies in commercial flocks. None of the 1-d-old chicks tested were positive by PCR, nor was FAdV isolated from the same tissues, indicating an absence of transmission of infectious virus to the progeny. The lack of virus production and transmission could be due to the presence of high antibody titers in the layers. (+info)
Putative host cell receptor for fowl adenovirus detected in gizzard.
(19/57)
This work was done to identify a fowl adenovirus (FAV) binding protein in the gizzard, a known target organ for certain strains of FAV serotype 1. By using a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), a putative FAV binding protein of approximately 200 kDa expressed in the gizzard was detected. (+info)
Adenovirus of ring-necked pheasants: purification and partial characterization of marble spleen disease virus.
(20/57)
A method for purification of marble spleen disease virus (MSDV) from the spleens of infected turkeys and pheasants is described. It combines chloroform or fluorocarbon extraction with subsequent purification by centrifugation on a cushion of cesium chloride (CsCl). Further purification of MSDV was accomplished with a CsCl equilibrium density gradient. A viral buoyant density of approximately 1.32 to 1.33 g/cm3 was determined. Negative-stain electron microscopy revealed that virus isopycnically banded by CsCl gradient had non-enveloped icosahedral capsids composed of 252 capsomeres. The direct colorimetric diphenylamine assay indicated that MSDV has deoxyribonucleic acid as its nucleic acid. The above evidence demonstrates that MSDV is an avian adenovirus, the first recognized in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.). (+info)
A region at the left end of the fowl adenovirus 9 genome that is non-essential in vitro has consequences in vivo.
(21/57)
Identification of group I-III avian adenovirus by PCR coupled with direct sequencing of the hexon gene.
(22/57)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with direct sequencing of the product of the hexon gene was applied to avian adenoviruses (formerly group I-III). The expected sizes of DNA fragments were successfully amplified by PCR from all of the group I-III avian adenoviruses with our designed primers. The resulting PCR product contained diagnostically relevant hexon sequences that could be used to identify the group and type of avian adenovirus. (+info)
Genetic characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated from chickens with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan.
(23/57)
We genetically characterized fowl adenoviruses (serotype 4 FAdV, FAdV-4) isolated from chickens with hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in Japan by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method coupled with direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the part of the hexon gene that included the L1 region revealed that all FAdV-4 isolates from chickens with HPS in Japan were identical and were distinguished completely from the cluster including FAdV strains from chickens with HPS in India and Pakistan. This suggested that FAdV-4 from the HPS chickens in India and Pakistan was derived from a common ancestor, but the origin of the FAdV-4 from the HPS chickens in Japan was completely different. (+info)
Pathology of adenoviral infection in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) with respiratory disease and colisepticemia.
(24/57)
Nuclear inclusion bodies typical of the adenovirus group were widespread in in the spleen and other tissues of 8-week-old turkeys with severe respiratory disease and concomitant evidence of colisepticemia. Adenoviral virions were seen in affected nuclei of splenic tissue and in negatively stained preparations of ground spleen. In splenic tissue, inclusions were most prominent in reticular cells and macrophages in the periarterial lymphoid sheaths, the red pulp and the marginal zones of the periarteriolar reticular sheaths. Marked reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, lymphoid atrophy and granulocytic splenitis characterized the splenic changes. There were inclusions in the respiratory tract, intestinal tract, liver, kidney and pancreas. Inoculation of young turkeys, especially when immunosuppressed, resulted in evidence of infection and respiratory disease. The viruses produced cytopathic changes in primary turkey kidney cell cultures but did not affect embryonating chicken eggs. Concentrated viral suspensions induced precipitin lines in agar gel immunodiffusion tests with known antisera against known turkey adenoviruses but did not show an antigenic relationship to chicken adenoviruses. (+info)