Treatment of giardiasis in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with tinidazole.
(41/95)
Giardia intestinalis is a common protozoan parasite that can infect many laboratory animal primates, although its role as a contributor to the induction of gastrointestinal disease remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of Giardia in a colony of common marmosets by using a Giardia antigen-capture assay and to address the possible eradication of this infection by using tinidazole, an antiprotozoal similar to metronidazole but requiring fewer doses. Among 31 colony marmosets, 13 (42%) were positive for Giardia. Two doses of oral tinidazole eliminated the infection in all animals. Repeat testing of the 13 Giardia-positive monkeys 1 y later showed that 11 remained negative and that treated animals had a significant increase in weight at 1 y. Giardia antigen is common in common marmoset feces, and treatment using oral tinidazole is possible and highly effective. (+info)
Pharmacokinetics of Tinidazole in Chinese subjects: comparison of Mongolian, Korean, Hui, Uighur and Han nationalities.
(42/95)
PURPOSE: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in subjects of five different Chinese nationalities (Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui, and Uighur). METHODS: Fifty healthy subjects (five male and five female of each nationality) were recruited for the study, and each received 1 g tinidazole. A total of 14 blood samples were collected over a 72-hour period after administration. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic profiles, including area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), oral clearance (CL/F), elimination rate constant (Ke), and elimination half-life (t1/2), were determined following a single oral dose of tinidazole. The respective pharmacokinetic properties of Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui, and Uighur nationalities were: half-life (h): 16.94+/-2.40, 16.40+/-1.79, 16.63+/-1.82, 16.81+/-1.56, 14.34+/-1.92; Cmax (microg/mL): 19.04+/-2.42, 19.22+/-4.93, 20.83+/-3.33, 20.25+/-4.05, 18.81+/-3.10; AUC0-inf (h*microg/mL): 483.13+/-65.65, 479.70+/-99.74, 511.07+/-53.47, 514.25+/-130.78, 388.58+/-37.37. The t1/2 and AUC0-inf of Uighur subjects were significantly lower (p =0.023, 0.011) and the CL/F and Ke were significantly higher (p = 0.003, 0.013) than those of other nationalities. After normalization by weight, the differences in AUC0-inf and CL/F between Uigur subjects and those of other races were still significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that ethnicity had significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of tinidazole after a single oral dose in healthy volunteers of different nationalities in China. (+info)
In-vitro evaluation of anti-trichomonal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaf.
(46/95)
Eugenia uniflora, used ethnomedically in some tropical countries as an anti-infective, has shown anti-malarial and anti-trypanocidal activities. Therefore using bioactivity guided fractionation, anti-trichomonal activity of E. uniflora leaf was investigated. Anti-trichomonal activities of leaf methanol extract and its fractions against Trichomonas gallinae as well as their cytotoxicities using an in vitro haemaglutination assay were determined. Anti-trichomonacidal activities of the extract improved on purification up to a stage. Subfractions E(2-5) had LC(50) and LC(90) values of 4.77 - 5.28, 18.49 - 25.00 and 4.53 - 5.18, 18.32 - 19.07 microg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs, respectively that were better than those of metronidazole. Further purification of E(2-5) led to loss of activity suggesting that the active components were probably working synergistically and additively. Demonstration of low haemaglutination titre values of 0.00 - 5.33 by methanolic extract and its partition fractions suggested their low toxicity profile. The established safety of the leaf indicated that its anti-trichomonal activity was not due to non-specific cytotoxicity, hence could be used in ethnomedicine as an anti-trichomonal agent. (+info)
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in men with nongonococcal urethritis: predictors and persistence after therapy.
(47/95)