Criteria for assessing a client's fitness for admission to a welfare home: a practical proposition.
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A study of the residents admitted to five Oxfordshire old people's welfare homes was undertaken to discover whether it was possible to define criteria that could be used by workers in different professional fields when assessing the suitability of an elderly person for welfare home accommodation. It is possible to produce useful and practical guidelines using the physical disability subsection of the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale, as well as the overall score, but it is probably necessary for each area to assess its own cut-off points. The use of cut-off points was, from a practical point of view, as effective as and easier than using individual items on the rating scale as a means of discriminating between those suitable for welfare home accommodation and other clients who are unsuitable. (+info)
Regional variation in homicide rates of infants and children.
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GOAL: This study examines regional correlates of homicide rates for infants and children for the states of America. SAMPLE: The sample consists of all homicide victims in the 48 continental, contiguous states of America in both 1980 and 1990 from the ages of 0-14. METHODS: The homicide rates of infants aged 0-1 and children aged 1-4 and 5-14 were correlated with social indicators for the American states in 1980 and 1990. RESULTS: In 1980, children aged 1-14 had higher homicide rates in the more generally violent, urban, and socially disorganized states. However, no correlates for the homicide rate of infants were identified, suggesting that different theories may be required to explain their deaths. The analyses were repeated using data for 1990, at which time crime rates and fewer medical facilities were more weakly associated with the homicide rate of infants. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that different sociological theories may be required to account for the regional variation in the homicide rates of infants from those used for explaining the variation in the rates of children. (+info)
Injury and anomie: effects of violence on an inner-city community.
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OBJECTIVES: Widespread violence affects individuals but also alters group life. This study was designed to examine the effects of violence on an inner-city community. METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken that included field observations and semistructured interviews. The study took place in Washington Heights, a New York City neighborhood with a high rate of violence, largely secondary to the drug trade. RESULTS: The 100 people interviewed differed widely in their definitions of violence and in their likelihood of having experienced violent acts in the course of daily life. High, medium, and low violence microenvironments were identified; risk of exposure to violence, but not individual definitions of violence, differed by location. Violence in all parts of the neighborhood inhibited social interactions, but the intensity of this effect differed by microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: In Washington Heights, violence has injured individuals and fractured social relationships, leading to the state of social disarray referred to as "anomie." The public health response to the violence epidemic should address anomie through community organizing efforts. (+info)