Tumor cell anaplasia and multinucleation are predictors of disease recurrence in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, including among just the human papillomavirus-related cancers.
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Chromophobe hepatocellular carcinoma with abrupt anaplasia: a proposal for a new subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma with unique morphological and molecular features.
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Anaplastic Wilms' tumor: clinical and pathologic studies.
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A review of almost 1,200 children participating in the first and second National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS-1 and -2) has demonstrated a number of significant differences in the clinical presentation and response to therapy of anaplastic and nonanaplastic Wilms' tumor. Compared to their counterparts, children with anaplastic Wilms' tumor were generally one to two years older at diagnosis, more were non-white, and more had lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Consistent with previous studies, children with anaplastic Wilms' tumor survived for a significantly shorter time than those with non-anaplastic Wilms' tumor. A hopeful outlook, however, was suggested by the NWTS-2 experience since the more aggressive chemotherapies used in this study appear to have substantially improved the survival of patients with diffusely anaplastic tumors. Also, the survival of NWTS-2 patients with anaplastic Wilms' tumor was determined in part by clinicopathologic stage. It may be possible therefore to refine therapy according to stage so as to provide children with localized disease a chance for cure with fewer untoward treatment-related sequelae. (+info)
Relationship of histology of Wilms' tumor to growth characteristics of nude mouse heterotransplants.
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Eighteen Wilms' tumors (WIT), including classical triphasic WIT (blastema, tubules, and mesenchyme) and WIT variants (blastema and tubules, monomorphous tubules, multiloculated cysts, rhabdomyomatous WIT, and clear cell sarcoma), were heterotransplanted in nude mice. Ten (56%) tumors grew and were serially passaged. With two exceptions, the histology of the surgically resected tumors and heterotransplants was found to be similar. Tumors showing a prominent blastema component grew rapidly, whereas those with tubular epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation grew more slowly. Tumors injected s.c. consisted almost entirely of blastema, while tumors injected i.p. consisted of blastema with large areas of tubular epithelium. These results demonstrate that nude mouse heterotransplants of WIT closely resemble the surgically resected tumors from which they derive, that growth rates of WIT heterotransplants depend on the identity of the tumor cells, and that differentiation of WIT heterotransplants can be modulated, depending on the route of administration of tumor cells. (+info)
Prognostic role of cell morphology of animal tumors.
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The purpose of this presentation is to determine the prognostic role of cellular morphology in animal neoplasia. With some exceptions, cellular morphology is the single most accurate predictor of the prospective behavior of neoplasms. There is generally a positive correlation between the degree of malignancy and prognosis. The exceptions are a) morphologically malignant-appearing tumors following a benign course (e.g., canine histiocytoma, canine seminoma, equine sarcoid) and b) morphologically differentiated tumors exhibiting an unpredictable prognosis (e.g., canine pericytoma, acanthomatous epulis, myxoma, follicular thyroid cell carcinoma, etc.). Anaplasia, an important characteristic of most malignant neoplasms, may be less stable than generally assumed. Sodium butyrate may reverse it intermittently and anaplastic gliomas may loose all morphologic and cytokinetic characteristics of anaplasia following sodium butyrate exposure. Host factors, such as nerve growth factor, have similar and more lasting effects upon anaplastic cells derived from the neural crest. Such factors may act as reverse transformation agents and may represent prospective therapeutic agents for anaplastic tumors. (+info)
Clinical observations on sixty-nine cases of in situ carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
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In the course of screening 35,000 urological outpatients with urine cytological examinations, cytological indication of cancer was found in 106 patients in the absence of a cystoscopically visible bladder tumor. Sixty-nine of the 106 patients have biopsy-proven in situ carcinoma of the bladder, all transitional in type and anaplastic. Follow-up data on effects of therapy are available on 58 patients treated by various means, including total cystectomy, partial cystectomy, transurethral fulguration, intravesical thiotepa, and external radiation. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis was remarkably long, and the prolonged course of the in situ lesion was also noteworthy. Differences in the observed behavior of in situ bladder carcinoma may be due, in addition to differences in host resistance, to the existence of two pathogenetic forms of bladder cancer, one arising in an extensive field of abnormal epithelium and the other developing in a focal area of abnormality. (+info)
Regional blood flow in human tumors.
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Blood flow in 97 human tumor nodules, of which 31 were lymphomas, 31 were anaplastic carcinomas, and 35 were differentiated cancers, was measured using the 133Xe clearance method. The lymphomas showed statistically higher blood flow [34.6 +/- 21 (S.D.) ml/min/100 g] than did the anaplastic carcinomas (15.4 +/- 11.4 ml/min/100 g; p less than 0.001) and the differentiated cancers (22.8 +/- 14.9 ml/min/100 g; p less than 0.05). The size of the tumors did not correlate with the blood flow. In the group of differentiated cancers, the blood flow in nodules in areas of earlier irradiation was lower (9.0 +/- 6.3 ml/min/100 g) than in nodules in intact regions (25.0 +/- 14.5 ml/min/100 g; p less than 0.05). Nodules in cicatricial areas after surgical operation had lower blood flow than did nodules in the intact areas, but the difference is not statistically significant. It is obvious that most human tumors have a considerably lower blood flow than what one would expect to find in the surrounding normal tissue. (+info)