Maintenance of alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity by means of co-application of hypochlorous acid-scavengers in vitro and in the supernatant of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: as a basis for a new drug delivery approach.
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Antituberculosis nanodelivery system with controlled-release properties based on para-amino salicylate-zinc aluminum-layered double-hydroxide nanocomposites.
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The standard Bentiromide test and a new modified test using p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) as a pharmacokinetic marker for p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) have been evaluated in the detection of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in children. The conventional two day test using a colorimetric assay for urinary PABA discriminated poorly between five children with pancreatic insufficiency and 13 others with normal pancreatic function. Two further groups of patients, comprising 28 with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and 20 with normal pancreatic function underwent the modified test, and urine samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed a complete separation between groups. The use of PAS eliminates a number of sources of error inherent in a two day Bentiromide test and provides a simplified and accurate diagnostic test for pancreatic insufficiency. The PABA-PAS modified test enables collection of the urine to be done during a single six hour period. (+info)
Exocrine pancreatic function as determined in a same-day test with use of bentiromide and p-aminosalicylic acid.
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We describe a new approach to the bentiromide test of exocrine pancreatic function, p-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS), a compound closely related to the bentiromide fragment p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), is used as a marker of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PABA to derive a PABA excretion index. This index is identical to that derived with [14C]-PABA. Concentrations of both PABA and PAS are measured in urine by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, which avoids the drug interferences encountered with established assays of PABA. We discuss the practical and diagnostic advantages of this new approach to the bentiromide test. (+info)
Improved specificity of the PABA test with p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS).
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Until now use of the PABA test together with [14C] PABA to calculate the PABA excretion index has probably been the best adaptation suggested to enhance the specificity of this non-invasive pancreatic function test. Drawbacks of the method are the application of radioactivity, the fact that children, pregnant women, and patients with renal insufficiency have to be excluded from the test, and the possible interference of drugs and isotopes. We propose simultaneous administration of p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) in the PABA test and quantification of the urinary PABA and PAS excretion with liquid chromatography. Urinary PABA and PAS excretion in six hours are comparable (69.5 +/- 8.4% and 65.6 +/- 18.4% respectively in five healthy volunteers). Application of the PABA/PAS ratio was compared with the urinary PABA excretion in 21 normal controls, 38 patients with pancreatic disease, and 42 patients without pancreatic pathology. The PABA/PAS ratio and the per cent PABA excretion correlated very well in pancreatic patients: (PABA/PAS ratio) = 0.0149 (% PABA) + 0.052 (r = 0.902). Use of the PABA/PAS ratio enhanced the specificity of the test from 76 to 89%. (+info)
Effect of charcoal-drug ratio on antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal in man.
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The effect of charcoal-drug ratio on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal was studied in six healthy volunteers in a randomized cross-over study and compared with the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal in vitro. Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 1 g and 5 g were ingested on an empty stomach in 30 ml of water. Immediately afterwards the subjects ingested 50 g of activated charcoal in 300 ml of water or 300 ml of water only. PAS 10 g 20 g were only given with 50 g of activated charcoal administered immediately afterwards. The plasma concentrations and the cumulative excretion of PAS into urine were measured for 48 h. Increasing the dose of PAS from 1 g to 20 g reduced the antidotal efficacy of activated charcoal: at a charcoal-drug ratio of 50:1 under 5% of the dose was absorbed but at a ratio of 2.5:1 about 37%. These data correlated well to the saturation of adsorption capacity of charcoal in vitro. To minimize the possibility of saturation of the adsorption capacity of charcoal in acute intoxications where the amount and type of drug taken is usually unknown, large doses (50-100 g) of activated charcoal should be used. (+info)