Daily polyphenol intake in France from fruit and vegetables.
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The objective of this study was to create a French database on the polyphenol content of fruit and vegetables as uncooked fruits and vegetables and then to evaluate polyphenol intake through fruit and vegetable consumption in France. To achieve this, we used the Folin-Ciocalteu method adapted to fruit and vegetable polyphenol quantitation (1). Vegetables with the highest polyphenol concentration were artichokes, parsley, and brussels sprouts [>250 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh edible portion (FEP)]; fruits with the highest concentrations were strawberries, lychees, and grapes (>180 mg of GAE/100 g FEP). Conversely, melons (Cantaloupe cv.) and avocados had the lowest polyphenol concentration for fruits and vegetables, respectively. Based on fruit consumption data, apples and strawberries are the main sources of polyphenols in the French diet, whereas potatoes, lettuces, and onions are the most important vegetable sources. Total polyphenol intake from fruit is about 3 times higher than from vegetables, due to the lower polyphenol concentration in vegetables. The calculation of polyphenol intake, based on both assessment methods used [(Societe d'Etudes de la Communication, Distribution et Publicite (SECODIP) and Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SUVIMAX)], showed that apples and potatoes provide approximatively half of the total polyphenol intake from fruit and vegetables in the French diet. (+info)
Agromyces allii sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum.
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Two Gram-positive, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, slightly curved and rod-shaped bacterial strains, UMS-62(T) and UMS-101, were isolated from the rhizosphere of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, a variety of wild edible greens grown on Ulleung island, Korea. The taxonomic position of the strains was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strains UMS-62(T) and UMS-101 grew optimally at 30 degrees C and at pH 6.5-7.5. The novel strains contained MK-11 and MK-12 as the predominant menaquinones and rhamnose, ribose and galactose as the major cell-wall sugars. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C contents were 71.1-71.3 mol%. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains UMS-62(T) and UMS-101 belong to the genus Agromyces. Strains UMS-62(T) and UMS-101 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 99.9 % and a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 91.1 %. Similarity values between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two novel strains and the type strains of recognized Agromyces species ranged from 95.2 to 99.1 %. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the two novel strains and the type strains of five phylogenetically related Agromyces species were in the range of 13.4 to 54.2 %. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogenetic distinctiveness and genetic data, strain UMS-62(T) (=KCTC 19181(T)=JCM 13584(T)) and strain UMS-101 are classified as representing a novel species in the genus Agromyces, for which the name Agromyces allii sp. nov. is proposed. (+info)
Increased carotenoid production in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous G276 using plant extracts.
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The red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (previously named Phaffia rhodozyma) produces astaxanthin pigment among many carotenoids. The mutant X. dendrorhous G276 was isolated by chemical mutagenesis. The mutant produced about 2.0 mg of carotenoid per g of yeast cell dry weight and 8.0 mg/L of carotenoid after 5 days batch culture with YM media; in comparison, the parent strain produced 0.66 mg/g of yeast cell dry weight and a carotenoid concentration of 4.5 mg/L. We characterized the utilization of carbon sources by the mutant strain and screened various edible plant extracts to enhance the carotenoid production. The addition of Perilla frutescens (final concentration, 5%) or Allium fistulosum extracts (final concentration, 1%) enhanced the pigment production to about 32 mg/L. In a batch fermentor, addition of Perilla frutescens extract reduced the cultivation time by two days compared to control (no extract), which usually required five-day incubation to fully produce astaxanthin. The results suggest that plant extracts such as Perilla frutescens can effectively enhance astaxanthin production. (+info)
Beneficial effects of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Commiphora mukul on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis--a comparative evaluation.
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Oral administration of petroleum ether extract of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and ethylacetate extract of Commiphora mukul in albino rats significantly prevented rise in serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride level, caused by atherogenic diet. All the three agents were also found to confer significant protection against atherogenic diet induced atherosclerosis. (+info)
Herbaspirillum rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum.
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Two Gram-negative, milky-white-pigmented, motile, slightly curved rod-shaped bacterial isolates, UMS-37(T) and UMS-40, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of wild edible greens cultivated on Ulleung island, Korea, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. They grew optimally at 25-30 degrees C and contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) were C(16 : 0), cyclo C(17 : 0) and C(16 : 1)omega7c and/oriso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH. The DNA G+C contents of the two isolates were 59.8 and 60.0 mol%. Isolates UMS-37(T) and UMS-40 exhibited no difference in their 16S rRNA gene sequences and possessed a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 94 %; they exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 96.8-98.2 % to the type strains of recognized Herbaspirillum species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolates UMS-37(T) and UMS-40 formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Herbaspirillum. DNA-DNA relatedness levels between isolates UMS-37(T) and UMS-40 and the type strains of some phylogenetically related Herbaspirillum species were in the range 3-56 %. On the basis of differences in phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness and genomic data, isolates UMS-37(T) and UMS-40 were classified in the genus Herbaspirillum within a novel species, for which the name Herbaspirillum rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain UMS-37(T) (=KCTC 12558(T) =CIP 108917(T)). (+info)
A Drosophila anti-RNA polymerase II antibody recognizes a plant nucleolar antigen, RNA polymerase I, which is mostly localized in fibrillar centres.
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The distribution of nucleolar RNA polymerase in the nucleolus of onion root meristematic cells has been studied by means of an antibody originally raised against Drosophila RNA polymerase II. This antibody recognizes the homologous domains of the large subunit of the enzyme, which are highly conserved throughout evolution in the three classes of eucaryotic RNA polymerases. Given that RNA polymerase I is confined to the nucleolus, and that the onion cell nucleolus lacks digitations of extranucleolar chromatin, we conclude that the nucleolar enzyme localized is RNA polymerase I. A quantitative approach, independent of the existence of borderlines between nucleolar fibrillar centres and the dense fibrillar component, allowed us to show that the enzyme is localized in fibrillar centres and in the transition area between them and the dense fibrillar component, in parallel with the nucleolar DNA. These results, together with previous autoradiographic, cytochemical and immunocytochemical results, in this and other species, lead us to conclude that the activation of rDNA for transcription occurs in the fibrillar centres and pre-rRNA synthesis is expressed at the transition area between fibrillar centres and the dense fibrillar component. Fibrillar centres are connected to each other by extended RNA polymerase-bound DNA fibres, presumably active in transcription. This work provides evidence of the high evolutionary conservation of some domains of the large subunit of RNA polymerases and of the existence of fibrillar centres in the nucleolus of plant cells, totally homologous to those described in mammalian cells. (+info)
Multitargeted prevention and therapy of cancer by diallyl trisulfide and related Allium vegetable-derived organosulfur compounds.
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Polyphasic characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii associated with outbreaks of bacterial blight on three Allium species in the Mascarene archipelago.
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