Food groups, oils and butter, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. (73/9481)

To elucidate the role of dietary habits, a study was carried out in 1992-1997 in the province of Pordenone in Northeastern Italy, and those of Rome and Latina in central Italy. Cases were 512 men and 86 women with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (lip, salivary glands and nasopharynx excluded) and controls were 1008 men and 483 women who had been admitted to local hospitals for a broad range of acute non-neoplastic conditions. The validated dietary section of the questionnaire included 78 foods or recipes and ten questions on fat intake patterns. After allowance for education, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake, significant trends of increasing risk with increasing intake emerged for soups, eggs, processed meats, cakes and desserts, and butter. Risk was approximately halved in the highest compared to the lowest intake quintile for coffee and tea, white bread, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables, citrus fruit, and olive oil. The inverse association with oils, especially olive oil, was only slightly attenuated by allowance for vegetable intake. Thus, frequent consumption of vegetables, citrus fruit, fish and vegetable oils were the major features of a low-risk diet for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.  (+info)

Intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II increases water and ethanol intake in rats. (74/9481)

The influence of prolonged ingestion of ethanol on stimulation of water or ethanol intake by intracerebroventricular infusion of ANG II was evaluated in rats. Animals were maintained for 5-6 mo with either 10% ethanol solution or water as their only source of fluid. In both groups of rats, infusion of ANG II caused a large increase in water intake (7-fold) and a lesser increase in 10% ethanol intake (2-fold). The effect of ANG II on the volume of ethanol solution ingested, however, was inversely related to the concentration of the ethanol solution. As the concentration of ethanol solution was decreased, frequency and duration of drinking bouts increased. The intake of sweetened 10% ethanol solution or commercially produced wine during infusion of ANG II was similar to the intake of 10% ethanol and not related to taste preference. In conclusion, chronic consumption of ethanol solution did not appear to adversely effect ANG II stimulation of water intake. The intake of ethanol solution during infusion of ANG II was inhibited by a direct effect of ingested ethanol and/or by indirect effect from metabolized ethanol.  (+info)

Changes in body mass index and its relationships to other cardiovascular risk factors among Japanese population: results from the 1980 and 1990 national cardiovascular surveys in Japan. (75/9481)

Few studies have attempted to investigate the changes in body mass index (BMI) and its relationship to other cardiovascular factors in Asian populations, including Japanese. Data from two national cross-sectional surveys on circulatory disorders in 1980 and 1990 in Japan were used in this study. The sample consisted of 10,556 participants in the 1980 survey and 8,385 in the 1990 survey, aged > or = 30 years. The results show that after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption (ALC) and daily life physical activity (PA), mean BMI increased 0.49 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.65) in men aged 30-59 and 0.61 kg/m2 (0.37-0.86) in those aged > or = 60 from 1980 to 1990. In women, however, mean BMI decreased 0.24 kg/m2 (-0.39 0.09) in those aged 30-59 and increased 0.38 kg/m2 (0.12-0.64) in those aged > or = 60. BMI was significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. In both genders, cu-smokers had lower mean BMI than never smokers, while among the cu-smokers, mean BMI was positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. In men, BMI was positively associated with ALC and negatively associated with PA, while in women, BMI was negatively associated with ALC and positively associated with PA. The results suggest that BMI has significantly increased in men and in elderly women. BMI, even in the Japanese population who are characterized by relative low BMI, is significantly associated with several cardiovascular risk factors.  (+info)

Agreement between self- and partner reports obtained by a self-administered questionnaire: medical and lifestyle information. (76/9481)

We examined agreement between the subjects' self- and partner-reports of such epidemiological information as medical and family history, smoking and drinking habit and physical activity. Information was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire which was completed by 224 workers (subjects) and by their partners in 1997. Agreement was assessed by calculating kappa statistic, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and per cent agreement. Per cent agreement ranged from a low of 76.2 for general life stress to a high of 98.0 for angina/myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus as present illness. Kappa values ranged from a low of 0.34 for general life stress to a high of 0.86 for smoking habit. Compared to subjects, their partners tended to report lower level of both exposures (continuous variables) and presence (dichotomous variables). The average kappa was 0.64 for wife-surrogates, whereas 0.53 for husband-surrogates. Overall, our finding suggested that partners could provide acceptable information for the concrete and directly-observable variables (e.g. such present illness as hypertension which required daily medication, or smoking/drinking habit itself), but not so for detailed/subjective variables (e.g. number of cigarettes smoked per day or general life stress).  (+info)

Behavioural features of alcohol-preferring rats: focus on inbred strains. (77/9481)

A recent study conducted a factor analysis on 18 behavioural measures obtained from four alcohol-preferring and five alcohol-non-preferring rat lines/strains. It was concluded that variables such as saccharin intake, ultrasonic vocalizations following an air puff, and defaecation in an open field were associated with voluntary and forced alcohol consumption. In contrast, measures such as time immobile in the forced swim test and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze were not consistently associated with voluntary alcohol intake. The present study focuses on alcohol intake and related measures in four inbred strains of Fawn-Hooded (FH) rats that differ in voluntary alcohol intake and the ACI/N inbred rat strain, which voluntarily consumes very little alcohol. FH rats inbred by Jean Dodds (FH/Wjd) drank significantly more alcohol than FH rats inbred by Gordon Harrington (FH/Har) or selectively inbred by Abraham Provoost (FHH/Eur and FHL/EUR). In contrast, only the FH/Har strain was active in the forced swim test, suggesting that immobility and voluntary alcohol intake may be influenced by different genetic factors. The FH/Wjd rats were also much more immobile than the ACI/N rats in the forced swim test and drank almost 10 times as much alcohol voluntarily. Comparing the two parental lines with reciprocal F1 crosses revealed that alcohol consumption was influenced largely by additive genetic factors (F1 progeny had intermediate scores), whereas immobility was also influenced by dominance genetic factors (F progeny resembled the FH/Wjd parent). Preliminary analysis of 43 F2 progeny indicated that alcohol intake and immobility were not correlated. Thus, immobility in the forced swim test and high voluntary consumption of alcohol, two prominent features of the FH/Wjd rat strain which may be related to its serotonergic dysfunction, appear to be mediated by different genetic factors.  (+info)

Association between preference for sweets and excessive alcohol intake: a review of animal and human studies. (78/9481)

This report reviews a series of studies demonstrating a relationship between the consumption of sweets and alcohol consumption. There is consistent evidence linking the consumption of sweets to alcohol intake in both animals and humans, and there are indications that this relationship may be at least partially genetic in nature. Alcohol-preferring rats have a tendency to consume sucrose and saccharin solutions far beyond the limits of their normal fluid intake and this has been proposed to be a model of the clinical phenomenon known as loss of control. Furthermore, rats and mice, genetically bred to prefer alcohol, tend to choose more concentrated sweet solutions, compared to animals which do not prefer alcohol. Similar tendencies to prefer ultra-sweet solutions have been noted in studies of alcoholic subjects, with most alcoholics preferring sweeter sucrose solutions than do controls. Evidence also exists that those alcoholics who prefer sweeter solutions may represent a familial form of alcoholism. Finally, consumption of sweets and/or sweet solutions may significantly suppress alcohol intake in both animals and in alcoholics. Carbohydrate structure and sweet taste may contribute to this effect through different physiological mechanisms involving serotonergic, opioid, and dopaminergic functions. The possibility that there is concordance between sweet liking and alcohol consumption and/or alcoholism has theoretical, biological, and diagnostic/practical implications.  (+info)

Alcohol consumption and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a cohort of older women. (79/9481)

We investigated the relation of alcohol consumption to risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a cohort of 35 156 Iowa women aged 55-69 years who participated in the Iowa Women's Health Study in 1986. Alcohol consumption at baseline was obtained using a mailed questionnaire. During the 9-year follow-up period, 143 incident cases of NHL were identified. Higher alcohol consumption was significantly associated with a decreased risk of NHL (P-trend = 0.03). Compared to non-drinkers, multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were decreased for women with intake of < or = 3.4 g day(-1) (RR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-1.21) and > 3.4 g day(-1) (RR = 0.59; 0.36-0.97). The inverse association could not be attributed to one particular type of alcoholic beverage, although red wine (RR = 0.21 for > 2 glasses per month vs non-drinker; 0.05-0.86; P-trend = 0.02) has the most distinct effect. The apparent protective effect was universal regardless of specific NHL grade or Working Formulation subtype, but was most pronounced for nodal NHL (RR = 0.48; 0.26-0.90; P-trend = 0.01) and low-grade NHL (RR = 0.52; 0.21-1.26; P-trend = 0.05). These data suggest that moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with the risk of NHL in older women and the amount of alcohol consumed, rather than the type of alcoholic beverages, appears to be the main effect determinant.  (+info)

Drinking patterns of recent Russian immigrants and other Israelis: 1995 national survey results. (80/9481)

OBJECTIVES: A large group of Russian Jews has immigrated to Israel since 1989. Russia has one of the highest alcohol consumption levels in the world, while the level in Israel is among the lowest. This study was designed to provide empirical information on the drinking of these Russian immigrants compared with the drinking of other Jewish Israeli residents. METHODS: The data came from a 1995 national survey of drinking in Israel. Of 4984 Israelis, 292 were Russian immigrants who had arrived since 1989. Russians were compared with other respondents on several drinking variables. Logistic regression was the principal method of analysis, allowing the relationship to be tested with demographic and cultural variables controlled. A subsidiary analysis was conducted on data about parents' drinking from a survey of secondary school students. RESULTS: There were significant effects for Russian status for several drinking variables, with significant odds ratios ranging from 1.45 to 2.38. These results indicate that recent Russian immigrants to Israel drink more than their Israeli counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation of the stability of these patterns may provide valuable information about cultural effects on drinking.  (+info)