Different cytokeratin and neuronal cell adhesion molecule staining patterns in focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma and their significance.
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Unexpected discovery of 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha-mutated infracentimetic adenomatosis.
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We present 2 cases of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha)-mutated adenomatosis, discovered for reasons unrelated to this disease, and identified using immunohistochemical methods. These new tools may further our understanding of the link between adenomas/adenomatosis subtypes and their complications, and their association with other abnormalities. (+info)
Anterior gradient-2 is overexpressed by fibrolamellar carcinomas.
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Behavior of hepatocellular adenoma on real-time low-mechanical index contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with a second-generation contrast agent.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the behavior of histologically proven hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) on low-mechanical index (MI) contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). METHODS: A review of the databases from 4 academic hospitals revealed 18 patients (15 female and 3 male; mean age, 40 years; range, 25-71 years) with 25 histologically proven HCA lesions who were studied with CEUS at a low MI (0.04-0.1). RESULTS: Twenty-four of 25 lesions (96%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.5%-99.3%) showed high-intensity enhancement, scored as 3 on a scale of 0 to 3, whereas only 1 lesion (4%; 95% CI, 0.7%-19.5%) was scored as 2. The time of peak enhancement ranged between 10 and 19 seconds (average, 13 seconds). All but 1 of the 25 lesions (96%; 95% CI, 80.5%-99.3%) showed early homogeneous and centripetal enhancement during the hepatic arterial phase. No portal venous phase enhancement was observed in any lesion because all showed rapid wash-out (100%; 95% CI, 86.7%-100%). Twenty lesions (80%; 95% CI, 60.9%-91.1%) were found to be isoechoic to slightly hypoechoic during the portal phase, and 19 (76%; 95% CI, 56.6%-88.5%) were isoechoic to mildly hypoechoic, whereas 7 (24%; 95% CI, 11.5%-43.4%) were hypoechoic during the late phase. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is an effective technique for identifying the microvascular and macrovascular characteristics of HCA. Typically, HCA shows early (10-19 seconds) and centripetal enhancement during the arterial phase and isoechogenicity or mild hypoechogenicity during the portal phase, remaining slightly hypoechoic or isoechoic during the late phase in most cases. (+info)
Real-time contrast-enhanced and real-time virtual sonography in the assessment of benign liver lesions.
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Imaging techniques, in particular ultrasonography, have led to great advances in clinical hepatology in the past few decades. The introduction of second-generation contrast agents and the development of contrast specific techniques have opened new prospects in the detection and characterization of liver lesions. New hybrid imaging techniques that combine in real-time transabdominal ultrasound with other cross-sectional imaging techniques (CT or MR) might add even more valuable information in the cases with focal lesions. The aim of this review is to describe the role of real-time contrast-enhanced and real-time virtual sonography in the assessment of benign liver lesions. (+info)
Enhanced hepatocarcinogenicity by combined inhalation and oral exposures to N,N-dimethylformamide in male rats.
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N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a ubiquitous contaminant in living and working environments, enters the human body by inhalation, as well as by oral and dermal routes of exposure. In order to provide bioassay data for carcinogenic risk assessment of humans exposed to DMF by multiple routes of exposure, hepatocarcinogenic effect of combined inhalation and oral exposures of rats to DMF was examined. A group of 50 male F344 rats, 6-week-old, was exposed by inhalation to 0 (clean air), 200, or 400 ppm (v/v) of DMF vapor-containing air for 6 hr/day and 5 days/week during a 104-week period, and each inhalation group was given ad libitum DMF-formulated drinking water at 0, 800 or 1,600 ppm (w/w) for 104 weeks. Incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas and their combined incidences were significantly increased in the combined-exposure groups compared with the untreated control group or each of the inhalation-alone and oral-alone groups with matching concentrations. Incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by the combined exposures were greater than the sum of the two incidences of the hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas induced by the single-route exposures through inhalation and ingestion. The combined exposures enhanced tumor malignancy. It was concluded that the combined inhalation and oral exposures markedly enhance the incidences and malignancy of hepatocellular tumors, suggesting that the hepatocarcinogenic effect of the combined exposures is greater than the effect that would be expected under the assumption that the two effects of single-route exposures through inhalation and drinking are additive. (+info)