Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of wheatgrass is also used for other plants in the family.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Peronosporaceae. Most species are obligatory parasites and many are plant pathogens.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain SOLANACEOUS ALKALOIDS. Some species in this genus are called deadly nightshade which is also a common name for ATROPA BELLADONNA.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.