Nurses who are specially trained to assume an expanded role in providing medical care under the supervision of a physician.

Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.

Health professionals who practice medicine as members of a team with their supervising physicians. They deliver a broad range of medical and surgical services to diverse populations in rural and urban settings. Duties may include physical exams, diagnosis and treatment of disease, interpretation of tests, assist in surgery, and prescribe medications. (from http://www.aapa.orglabout-pas accessed 2114/2011)

Studies beyond the bachelor's degree at an institution having graduate programs for the purpose of preparing for entrance into a specific field, and obtaining a higher degree.

The expected function of a member of the nursing profession.

Physicians who hold degrees from medical schools in countries other than the ones in which they practice.

Educational programs for medical graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic medical sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced medical degree.

The specialty or practice of nursing in the care of patients admitted to the emergency department.

The granting of a license to practice the profession of nursing.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

Patterns of practice in nursing related to provision of services including diagnosis and treatment.

Those educational activities engaged in by holders of a bachelor's degree in nursing, which are primarily designed to prepare them for entrance into a specific field of nursing, and may lead to board certification or a more advanced degree.

Use for general articles concerning nursing education.

The nursing specialty that deals with the care of newborn infants during the first four weeks after birth.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

The reciprocal interaction of physicians and nurses.

Educational programs designed to inform nurses of recent advances in their fields.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Interaction between the patient and nurse.

The primary responsibility of one nurse for the planning, evaluation, and care of a patient throughout the course of illness, convalescence, and recovery.

Those physicians who have completed the education requirements specified by the American Academy of Family Physicians.

A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of nursing care.

Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will help improve patient care. Other professional staff may also participate in the research.

Educational programs designed to inform physicians of recent advances in their field.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Educational programs for pharmacists who have a bachelor's degree or a Doctor of Pharmacy degree entering a specific field of pharmacy. They may lead to an advanced degree.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

Nurses professionally qualified in administration.

Physicians whose practice is not restricted to a specific field of MEDICINE.

To entrust to the care or management of another, to transfer or to assign tasks within an organizational or administrative unit or structure

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals.

Professional nurses who have received postgraduate training in midwifery.

Professional practice as an employee or contractee of a health care institution.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.

The use of one's knowledge in a particular profession. It includes, in the case of the field of biomedicine, professional activities related to health care and the actual performance of the duties related to the provision of health care.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

A geographic location which has insufficient health resources (manpower and/or facilities) to meet the medical needs of the resident population.

Educational programs for dental graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic dental sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced dental degree.

The sum total of nursing activities which includes assessment (identifying needs), intervention (ministering to needs), and evaluation (validating the effectiveness of the help given).

Personnel who provide nursing service to patients in a hospital.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'England' is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and contributions to medical science. However, in a medical context, it may refer to the location of a patient, healthcare provider, or research study, but it is not a term with a specific medical meaning.

Theoretical models simulating behavior or activities in nursing, including nursing care, management and economics, theory, assessment, research, and education. Some examples of these models include Orem Self-Care Model, Roy Adaptation Model, and Rogers Life Process Model.

The quality or state of being independent and self-directing, especially in making decisions, enabling professionals to exercise judgment as they see fit during the performance of their jobs.

Research carried out by nurses that uses interviews, data collection, observation, surveys, etc., to evaluate nursing, health, clinical, and nursing education programs and curricula, and which also demonstrates the value of such evaluation.

Use for articles concerning dental education in general.

Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medicine to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities.

Selection of a type of occupation or profession.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.

Educational programs designed to inform individuals of recent advances in their particular field of interest. They do not lead to any formal advanced standing.

Statement of the position requirements, qualifications for the position, wage range, and any special conditions expected of the employee.

The nursing specialty concerning care of children from birth to adolescence. It includes the clinical and psychological aspects of nursing care.

Individuals enrolled in a school of nursing or a formal educational program leading to a degree in nursing.

Geographic area in which a professional person practices; includes primarily physicians and dentists.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

Professional medical personnel approved to provide care to patients in a hospital.

Great Britain is not a medical term, but a geographical name for the largest island in the British Isles, which comprises England, Scotland, and Wales, forming the major part of the United Kingdom.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

Conclusions derived from the nursing assessment that establish a health status profile for the patient and from which nursing interventions may be ordered.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

An occupation limited in scope to a subsection of a broader field.

Registered nurses with graduate degrees in nursing who provide care to patients of all age levels, and who focus their efforts on the health care needs of the entire family.

Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.

The expected function of a member of the medical profession.

Registered nurses with graduate degrees in nursing who provide care to pediatric patients who are acutely or critically ill.

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

The total amount of work to be performed by an individual, a department, or other group of workers in a period of time.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

Registered nurses who hold Master's degrees in nursing with an emphasis in clinical nursing and who function independently in coordinating plans for patient care.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The selection, appointing, and scheduling of personnel.

The expected and characteristic pattern of behavior exhibited by an individual as a member of a particular social group.

Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Educational programs designed to ensure that students attain prespecified levels of competence in a given field or training activity. Emphasis is on achievement or specified objectives.

Compliance with a set of standards defined by non-governmental organizations. Certification is applied for by individuals on a voluntary basis and represents a professional status when achieved, e.g., certification for a medical specialty.

The educational process of instructing.

Education via communication media (correspondence, radio, television, computer networks) with little or no in-person face-to-face contact between students and teachers. (ERIC Thesaurus, 1997)

Providers of initial care for patients. These PHYSICIANS refer patients when appropriate for secondary or specialist care.

Economic aspects of the nursing profession.

Those persons legally qualified by education and training to engage in the practice of pharmacy.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.

The remuneration paid or benefits granted to an employee.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Interactions between health personnel and patients.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

Certification as complying with a standard set by non-governmental organizations, applied for by institutions, programs, and facilities on a voluntary basis.

The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.

Persons academically trained to provide medical care, under the supervision of a physician, to infants and children.

Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.

Theoretical models which propose methods of learning or teaching as a basis or adjunct to changes in attitude or behavior. These educational interventions are usually applied in the fields of health and patient education but are not restricted to patient care.

Individuals licensed to practice DENTISTRY.

(Note: I believe there might be some confusion in your question as "Pennsylvania" is a place, specifically a state in the United States, and not a medical term. However, if you're asking for a medical condition or concept that shares a name with the state of Pennsylvania, I couldn't find any specific medical conditions or concepts associated with the name "Pennsylvania." If you have more context or clarification regarding your question, please provide it so I can give a more accurate response.)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wales" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, located in Europe. If you have any questions about a specific medical topic, I would be happy to help answer those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "California" is a place, specifically a state on the western coast of the United States, and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The expected function of a member of a particular profession.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A medical discipline that is based on the philosophy that all body systems are interrelated and dependent upon one another for good health. This philosophy, developed in 1874 by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still, recognizes the concept of "wellness" and the importance of treating illness within the context of the whole body. Special attention is placed on the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of dentistry.

Endoscopes for examining the interior of the sigmoid colon.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.

The status of health in rural populations.

The art and science of studying, performing research on, preventing, diagnosing, and treating disease, as well as the maintenance of health.

The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task.

The practice of nursing by licensed, non-registered persons qualified to provide routine care to the sick.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

Stipends or grants-in-aid granted by foundations or institutions to individuals for study.

Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation.

Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.

Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence.

A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.

Organized services in a hospital which provide medical care on an outpatient basis.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Patient-based medical care provided across age and gender or specialty boundaries.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

Evaluation of the nature and extent of nursing problems presented by a patient for the purpose of patient care planning.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

The interactions between physician and patient.

Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioral aspects of human reproduction.

Educational programs designed to inform dentists of recent advances in their fields.

Formal education and training in preparation for the practice of a profession.

Women licensed to practice medicine.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Requirements for the selection of students for admission to academic institutions.

A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.

Care given to patients by nursing service personnel.

Financial support for training including both student stipends and loans and training grants to institutions.

Books designed by the arrangement and treatment of their subject matter to be consulted for definite terms of information rather than to be read consecutively. Reference books include DICTIONARIES; ENCYCLOPEDIAS; ATLASES; etc. (From the ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Discussion of documents issued by local, regional, or national governments or by their agencies or subdivisions.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Use for general articles concerning veterinary medical education.

The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.

Nonspecialized dental practice which is concerned with providing primary and continuing dental care.

Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.

Education of the individual who markedly deviates intellectually, physically, socially, or emotionally from those considered to be normal, thus requiring special instruction.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations.

Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Visits made by patients to health service providers' offices for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

The granting of a license to practice medicine.

Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry.

Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of ambulatory care services and facilities.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A four-year program in nursing education in a college or university leading to a B.S.N. (Bachelor of Science in Nursing). Graduates are eligible for state examination for licensure as RN (Registered Nurse).

The upward or downward mobility in an occupation or the change from one occupation to another.

General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.

The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.

Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations.

Education for specific trades or occupations.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

Educational programs designed to inform graduate pharmacists of recent advances in their particular field.

A change or shift in personnel due to reorganization, resignation, or discharge.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Organizations which certify physicians and dentists as specialists in various fields of medical and dental practice.

Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice.

Instructional materials used in teaching.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the northern part of Great Britain. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Education and training in PUBLIC HEALTH for the practice of the profession.

Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.