Learning to make a series of responses in exact order.

Performance of complex motor acts.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.

Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.

A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.

Any situation where an animal or human is trained to respond differentially to two stimuli (e.g., approach and avoidance) under reward and punishment conditions and subsequently trained under reversed reward values (i.e., the approach which was previously rewarded is punished and vice versa).

The educational process of instructing.

The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

Usually refers to the use of mathematical models in the prediction of learning to perform tasks based on the theory of probability applied to responses; it may also refer to the frequency of occurrence of the responses observed in the particular study.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Performance of an act one or more times, with a view to its fixation or improvement; any performance of an act or behavior that leads to learning.

A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.

Theoretical models which propose methods of learning or teaching as a basis or adjunct to changes in attitude or behavior. These educational interventions are usually applied in the fields of health and patient education but are not restricted to patient care.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Use for general articles concerning medical education.

Change in learning in one situation due to prior learning in another situation. The transfer can be positive (with second learning improved by first) or negative (where the reverse holds).

Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

The phenomenon of an organism's responding to all situations similar to one in which it has been conditioned.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The adopting or performing the role of another significant individual in order to gain insight into the behavior of that person.

A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The capability to perform the duties of one's profession generally, or to perform a particular professional task, with skill of an acceptable quality.

Reactions of an individual or groups of individuals with relation to the immediate surrounding area including the animate or inanimate objects within that area.

A learning situation involving more than one alternative from which a selection is made in order to attain a specific goal.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.

The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.

Inoculation of a series of animals or in vitro tissue with an infectious bacterium or virus, as in VIRULENCE studies and the development of vaccines.

A mechanism of information stimulus and response that may control subsequent behavior, cognition, perception, or performance. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

The sum or the stock of words used by a language, a group, or an individual. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

Programs of training in medicine and medical specialties offered by hospitals for graduates of medicine to meet the requirements established by accrediting authorities.

Education via communication media (correspondence, radio, television, computer networks) with little or no in-person face-to-face contact between students and teachers. (ERIC Thesaurus, 1997)

Individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy.

The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.

The use of persons coached to feign symptoms or conditions of real diseases in a life-like manner in order to teach or evaluate medical personnel.

Formal instruction, learning, or training in the preparation, dispensing, and proper utilization of drugs in the field of medicine.

The strengthening of a conditioned response.

Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.

Educational programs designed to inform physicians of recent advances in their field.

Educational programs for medical graduates entering a specialty. They include formal specialty training as well as academic work in the clinical and basic medical sciences, and may lead to board certification or an advanced medical degree.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

'Reading' in a medical context often refers to the act or process of a person interpreting and comprehending written or printed symbols, such as letters or words, for the purpose of deriving information or meaning from them.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.

Instructional materials used in teaching.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Instruction in which learners progress at their own rate using workbooks, textbooks, or electromechanical devices that provide information in discrete steps, test learning at each step, and provide immediate feedback about achievement. (ERIC, Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1996).

The ability to acquire general or special types of knowledge or skill.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Use for articles concerning dental education in general.

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

The mimicking of the behavior of one individual by another.

An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.