Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.

Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.

An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.

A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.

A hole or break through the wall of the UTERUS, usually made by the placement of an instrument or INTRAUTERINE DEVICES.

Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.

A puncture or hole through the CORNEAL STROMA resulting from various diseases or trauma.

Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.

A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.

Bursting of the STOMACH.

Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.

Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).

Gloves, usually rubber, worn by surgeons, examining physicians, dentists, and other health personnel for the mutual protection of personnel and patient.

Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by a patient during the course of treatment.

General or unspecified injuries to the heart.

An opening or hole in the NASAL SEPTUM that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, drug use, or pathological process.

The partition separating the two NASAL CAVITIES in the midplane. It is formed by the SEPTAL NASAL CARTILAGE, parts of skull bones (ETHMOID BONE; VOMER), and membranous parts.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.

Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.

Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.

The act of dilating.

Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.

Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.

Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.

A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.

Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.

Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).

Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.

Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.

Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.

Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.

Presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body.

A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.

Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.

Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.

Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.

Failure of equipment to perform to standard. The failure may be due to defects or improper use.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.

Presence of air in the mediastinal tissues due to leakage of air from the tracheobronchial tree, usually as a result of trauma.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.

Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.

Pathological processes involving the STOMACH.

Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.

An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Pathological developments in the CECUM.

An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the SKIN (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as STOMACH (gastrocolic fistula), the BILIARY TRACT (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the URINARY BLADDER of the URINARY TRACT (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures (MEDICAL ERRORS).

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

TUBERCULOSIS that involves any region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, mostly in the distal ILEUM and the CECUM. In most cases, MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS is the pathogen. Clinical features include ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and palpable mass in the ileocecal area.

The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

A pouch or sac developed from a tubular or saccular organ, such as the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

The segment of GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the small intestine below the DUODENUM, and the LARGE INTESTINE.

An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.

Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.

'Chemical burns' is a medical term that refers to injuries resulting from skin or eye contact with harmful substances, such as acids, alkalis, or irritants, which can cause damage ranging from mild irritation to severe necrosis and scarring.

Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.

The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.

Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.

A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.

Techniques for controlling bleeding.

Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.

Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from CATHETERIZATION in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body.

General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.

Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.

Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).

The upper or most anterior segment of the STERNUM which articulates with the CLAVICLE and first two pairs of RIBS.

The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.

A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Bleeding from a PEPTIC ULCER that can be located in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

The region of the STOMACH at the junction with the DUODENUM. It is marked by the thickening of circular muscle layers forming the pyloric sphincter to control the opening and closure of the lumen.

A plastic surgical operation on the nose, either reconstructive, restorative, or cosmetic. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A flexible, tubular device that is used to carry fluids into or from a blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity.

The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

Abnormal distention of the STOMACH due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION; ILEUS; GASTROPARESIS; or denervation.

A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.

The shifting in position or location of an INTRAUTERINE DEVICE from its original placement.