Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.

Type of vision test used to determine COLOR VISION DEFECTS.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).

The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.

Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.

Reciprocal action of two vertebrate photoreceptor cells (RODS AND CONES). Rod-cone interaction occurs during MESOPIC VISION in which both rods and cones are active in light transduction to the VISUAL CORTEX. Such interaction can influence visual sensitivity and luminous efficiency.

The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.

The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.

Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.

The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

Differential response to different stimuli.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

Color of hair or fur.

The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.

The perceiving of attributes, characteristics, and behaviors of one's associates or social groups.

The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).

Perception of three-dimensionality.

Color of the iris.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.

The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain.

The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus.

The sensory interpretation of the dimensions of objects.

The process by which the nature and meaning of gustatory stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain. The four basic classes of taste perception are salty, sweet, bitter, and sour.

The process by which the nature and meaning of tactile stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain, such as realizing the characteristics or name of an object being touched.