Trophoblastic tumors are a group of rare cancerous growths that originate from the trophoblast, the outer layer of cells that surround a developing embryo and help to form the placenta during pregnancy. These tumors can be benign or malignant and include hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. They are characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells and may produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful management and prevention of complications.