Immunostimulatory acivity of Calophyllum brasiliense, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Matayba elaeagnoides demonstrated by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation.
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This study evaluates the effect of methanol extracts of three Brazilian medicinal plants on in vitro proliferation of human mononuclear cells. Lymphoproliferation assay was carried out by incubating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors (1 x 10(6) cells/mL) with extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense (roots), Ipomoea pes-caprae (whole plant) and Matayba elaeagnoides (bark), both at 10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/mL, alone or with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 5 microg/mL), in 96-well microplates at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2, for 72 h. The quantification of cell proliferation assay was performed by blue tetrazolium (MTT) reduction with reading at 540 nm. Cells incubated with only the culture medium were used as negative control for cell proliferation, while the positive control consisted of cells and PHA. The results suggest that the extracts of all three studied plants induce T lymphocyte proliferation. I. pes-caprae showed immunostimulatory activity three times higher than the C. brasiliense extract, while that of the M. elaeagnoides extract was 1.5 times higher. The results demonstrate immunostimulatory effects of these three plants, therefore the continuity of these studies is recommended, in order to determine the active principles. (+info)
A comparative identification of ochratoxin A in longan fruit pulp by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection and electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry.
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Cardiospermum halicacabum inhibits cyclophosphamide induced immunosupression and oxidative stress in mice and also regulates iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in LPS stimulated macrophages.
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The effect of a methanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L was studied against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced toxicity in mice. Administration of CTX (25 mg/kg b.wt, i.p.) for 10 days produced significant myelosuppression as evidenced by a decreased WBC count and bone marrow cellularity. Co-treatment with Cardiospermum significantly increased the total WBC count, bone marrow cellularity and alpha-esterase positive cells, and the relative organ weights of spleen as well as thymus compared to the CTX alone treated group. Cardiospermum further reduced the enhanced levels of ALP, GPT, LPO, and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, and also significantly increased the glutathione (GSH) level in CTX treated animals. The lowered levels of other cytokines like IFN-gamma, IL-2, GM-CSF, after CTX treatment were also found to be increased by extract administration. Histopathological analysis of small intestine also suggested reduction of CTX-induced intestinal damage. Moreover the extract down-regulated the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in LPS stimulated macrophages. These studies indicate that C. halicacabum could reduce cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress and immunosupression through enhancing the antioxidant status and immunomodulation by stem cell proliferation. (+info)