Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003.
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CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases. (+info)
Multistate outbreak of Salmonella serotype typhimurium infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk--Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee, 2002-2003.
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On December 10, 2002, the Clark County Combined Health District and the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) were notified of two hospitalized children infected with Salmonella Enterica serotype Typhimurium. Initial investigation implicated consumption of raw, unpasteurized milk purchased at a local combination dairy-restaurant (dairy) during November 27-December 13, 2002, as the cause. This report summarizes the subsequent investigation. Because 27 states still allow the sale of raw milk, and organizations continue their efforts to allow marketing and sale of raw milk to the public directly from the farm, consumer education about the hazards of raw milk and a careful review of existing policies are needed. (+info)
Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003.
(43/397)
CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases, and summarizes the laboratory-based evidence implicating imported African rodents as the probable source of the outbreak. (+info)
Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003.
(44/397)
CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons in the United States who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or with persons with monkeypox. This report updates results of the epidemiologic investigation, provides information on the use of smallpox vaccine during the outbreak, and summarizes the animal tracing activities to identify the origin and subsequent distribution of infected animals. (+info)
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections among competitive sports participants--Colorado, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Los Angeles County, 2000-2003.
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Although outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) usually have been associated with health-care institutions, MRSA is emerging as a cause of skin infections in the community. This report summarizes several reported clusters of skin and soft tissue infections associated with MRSA among participants in competitive sports and identifies possible risk factors for infection (e.g., physical contact, skin damage, and sharing of equipment or clothing). The findings underscore 1) the potential for MRSA infections among sports participants; 2) the need for health-care providers to be aware that skin and soft tissue infections occurring in these settings might be caused by MRSA; and 3) the importance of implementing prevention measures by players, coaches, parents, and school and team administrators. (+info)
Prion protein preamyloid and amyloid deposits in Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, Indiana kindred.
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Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is a familial neurological disorder pathologically characterized by amyloid deposition in the cerebrum and cerebellum. In GSS, the amyloid is immunoreactive to antisera raised against the prion protein (PrP) 27-30, a proteinase K-resistant peptide of 27-30 kDa that is derived by limited proteolysis from an abnormal isoform of a neuronal sialoglycoprotein of 33-35 kDa designated PrPSc. Polyclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides homologous to residues 15-40 (P2), 90-102 (P1), and 220-232 (P3) of the amino acid sequence deduced from hamster PrP cDNA were used to investigate immunohistochemically the distribution of PrP and PrP fragments in the brains of two patients from the Indiana kindred of GSS. Two types of anti-PrP-immunoreactive deposits were found: (i) amyloid deposits, which were exclusively labeled by anti-P1 antiserum to residues 90-102 of PrP, and (ii) preamyloid deposits, which were labeled by all anti-PrP antisera but did not exhibit the tinctorial and optical properties of amyloid. The latter appeared as diffuse immunostaining of the neuropil that targeted to areas in which amyloid deposits were most abundant. They were partially resistant to proteinase K digestion and consisted ultrastructurally of amorphous, flaky, electron-dense material. These findings substantiate our previous observation that the major amyloid component in the GSS Indiana kindred is an internal fragment of PrP and indicate that full-length abnormal isoforms of PrP and/or large PrP fragments accumulate in brain regions most affected by amyloid deposition. These findings support the view that in the GSS Indiana kindred a stepwise degradation of PrP occurs in situ in the process of amyloid fibril formation. (+info)
INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLAE IN DRESSED BROILER-FRYER CHICKENS.
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Salmonellae were isolated from 72 of 264 broiler-fryer type chickens that had been purchased in retail stores in the Lafayette, Ind., area in 1963. Meat from the tail area and giblet portions were used in sampling. Equal numbers of dressed whole and cut-up birds were positive for salmonellae. Thirteen different serotypes were identified, the more common being Salmonella infantis, S. reading, and S. blockley. Incubation at 43 C of the blended sample in Selenite-F Enrichment broth containing cystine gave a larger number of recoveries than did incubation at 37 C. There was no significant difference between the means for the birds that yielded salmonellae and those that did not in the locally processed group, when compared for numbers of aerobic microorganisms at 37 C, coliforms, or most probable number of enterococci. In a comparison of poultry processed in-state by the five processors included in the study with that processed out-of-state, there was a general trend for a larger number of positive specimens in the locally produced group. The fall season was an exception. (+info)
Apolipoprotein E and mortality in African-Americans and Yoruba.
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The literature on the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and mortality across ethnic and age groups has been inconsistent. No studies have looked at this association in developing countries. We used data from the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia study to examine this association between APOE and mortality in 354 African-Americans from Indianapolis and 968 Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were followed up to 9.5 years for Indianapolis and 8.7 years for Ibadan. Subjects from both sites were divided into 2 groups based upon age at baseline. A Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for age at baseline, education, hypertension, smoking history and gender in addition to time-dependent covariates of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and dementia was fit for each cohort and age group. Having ApoE epsilon4 alleles significantly increased mortality risk in Indianapolis subjects under age 75 (hazard ratio: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.19-3.35; p = 0.0089). No association was found in Indianapolis subjects 75 and older (hazard ratio: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.45-1.10; p = 0.1238), Ibadan subjects under 75 (hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.40; p = 0.7782), or Ibadan subjects over 75 (hazard ratio: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.75; p = 0.3274). (+info)