Orbit deformities in craniofacial neurofibromatosis type 1.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The possible relationship of orbit deformities in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) to plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) have not been fully elucidated. Our purpose was to review orbital changes in patients with craniofacial NF1. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR imaging abnormalities of the orbit in 31 patients (18 male, 13 female; mean age, 14 years; age range 1-40 years) with craniofacial NF1. RESULTS: Orbital abnormalities were documented in 24 patients. Six had optic nerve gliomas with enlarged optic canals. Twenty had PNFs in the orbit or contiguous to the anterior skull. The posterior orbit was distorted by encroachment from an expanded middle cranial fossa in 13 patients, and 18 had enlargement of the orbital rim. Other changes included focal decalcification or remodeling of orbital walls adjacent to PNFs in 18 patients and enlargement of cranial foramina resulting from tumor infiltration of sensory nerves in 16. These orbital deformities were sometimes progressive and always associated with orbital infiltration by PNFs. CONCLUSION: In our patients with craniofacial neurofibromatosis, bony orbital deformity occurred frequently and always with an optic nerve glioma or orbital PNF. PNFs were associated with orbital-bone changes in four patterns: expansion of the middle cranial fossa into the posterior orbit, enlargement of the orbital rim, bone erosion and decalcification by contiguous tumor, and enlargement of the cranial foramina. Orbital changes support the concept of secondary dysplasia, in which interaction of PNFs with the developing skull is a major component of the multifaceted craniofacial changes possible with NF1. (+info)
Fiber Bragg grating sensor for monitoring bone decalcification.
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Quantitative observations on mineralized and non-mineralized bone in the iliac crest.
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The amounts of mineralized bone and osteoid in thin undecalcified sections of iliac crest have been measured in 68 control subjects at necropsy using a point-counting method. The effect of varying the site selected for quantitative study on the value obtained for total bone mass has been investigated in decalcified sections of iliac crest. The total bone mass shows individual variation within a fairly constant range with a mean of 22.7 +/- 0.5% up to the age of 50 years and then progressively falls to a mean of 15.5 +/- 1.1% for individuals aged > 50 years. Some of the lowest values in the range 5.5 to 16.4 (mean 8.9 +/- 1.9%) were observed in elderly women in the seventh to ninth decades. It is concluded that so-called senile osteoporosis is usually a manifestation of a normal aging process. In controls osteoid accounts for only about 0.1% of the area measured and for a maximum of 1.8% of bone with a mean mineralization of 99.5%. Osteoid is patchily distributed and the maximum number of birefringent lamellae in any seam is four. The results of quantitative histology carried out in different parts of the iliac crest indicate that there are variations with the distance of the site from the anterior superior spine and its depth below the crest surface. The importance of this in relation to the site and size of iliac crest biopsies used for quantitative histology is discussed. There is a significant correlation between the values for total bone mass when estimated by the point-counting technique in undecalcified sections and by a volumetric method using blocks of bone. (+info)
Colonization of the cementum surface of teeth by oral Gram-negative bacteria.
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By using in vitro assays, a group of related, filamentous gram-negative bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque deposits of patients with periodontal disease were found to colonize intact teeth. Tentatively identified as members of the genus Cytophaga, these isolates exhibited a preference for colonizing the cementum surface of the root. Examination of intact teeth after several weeks of colonization revealed that the root substructure had been extensively demineralized. (+info)
X ray anomalies occurring in workers exposed to vibration caused by light tools.
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A high frequency of radiological anomalies (vacuoles, cysts, enostoses) was found in workers exposed to vibration caused by light tools (screw drivers, nutrunners) compared with a non-exposed group. The lesions were mostly localised in the spongy carpal bones (os capitatum, os lunatum, os scaphoideum). There was no significant difference between the sexes, nor between the "active" or "passive" hand, both hands being simultaneously exposed. These findings support the need to implement preventive measures. (+info)
Physical and psychological complications after intestinal bypass for obesity.
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Cognitive changes, depression, arthralgia and dermatitis developed in a 33-year-old woman 5 years after a jejunoileal shunt for massive obesity, The dermatitis and low serum carotene and vitamin C values suggested vitamin deficiencies, The serum magnesium concentration also was low. Vitamin and mineral replacement led to amelioration of the physical and psychological symptoms; the improvement has been maintained at 18-month follow-up. The favourable changes were documented with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and test performance ratings. It is concluded that the surgical procedure caused vitamin and magnesium deficiencies and that these resulted in the patient's symptoms. (+info)