Recovery of hindlimb locomotion after incomplete spinal cord injury in the cat involves spontaneous compensatory changes within the spinal locomotor circuitry.
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Differential diagnosis between intracranial dissemination of spinal cord astrocytoma and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis.
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We describe the clinical features of limbic encephalitis that developed after palliative spinal cordotomy in 2 patients with malignant thoracic astrocytoma. Both patients showed short-term memory loss, hallucinations of smells and psychiatric symptoms. Brain MRI on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences revealed high intensity lesions in bilateral temporal lobe areas. We considered that both patients had paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with astrocytoma because of various clinical and radiological features. But the possibility of intracranial dissemination of astrocytoma could not be fully excluded. The differential diagnosis between intracranial dissemination of spinal cord astrocytoma and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis may be sometimes difficult. (+info)
Epidural bupivacaine suppresses local glucose utilization in the spinal cord and brain of rats.
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Using the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method, the effects of analgesic doses of epidural bupivacaine (300 micrograms) on local spinal cord glucose utilization (SP-LGU) of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and local cerebral glucose utilization (BR-LGU) in 38 brain structures were examined in conscious rats. In addition, the effects of intramuscular bupivacaine (300 micrograms) and the spinal cord transection (T2) were examined to determine whether the induced metabolic changes, if any, are related to the drug's systemic effect and/or deafferentation. Lumbar epidural bupivacaine sufficient to produce analgesia decreased SP-LGU in the thoracic (18-28%) and lumbar (21-29%) spinal cord but not in the cervical cord. Epidural bupivacaine decreased BR-LGU (15-26%) in 35 of 38 structures examined. With intramuscular bupivacaine, SP-LGU remained unchanged in almost all regions, while BR-LGU was significantly decreased (11-23%) in 23 structures. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in the epidural and intramuscular groups were comparable. With spinal cord transection alone, SP-LGU significantly decreased with varying degrees depending on the structure examined, but BR-LGU did not decrease in 36 of 38 structures examined. These results indicate that analgesic doses of epidural bupivacaine decrease SP-LGU, probably reflecting decreased neuronal activity of the spinal cord, and that reduced BR-LGU by epidural bupivacaine is most likely due to the drug's systemic effect rather than deafferentation. (+info)
Touch and surgical division of the anterior quadrant of the spinal cord.
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An investigation was carried out to determine whether tactile sensibility was affected by anterolateral cordotomy. There were 65 patients who had cordotomies for painful forms of cancer. Thirty eight had necropsy examination with histological investigation of the spinal cord. No form of mechanoreception was removed in any of the 65 patients and in the majority no forms of tactile sensibility were altered by division of the pathways in the anterolateral and anterior columns. In no case was graphaesthesia affected. Knowledge of joint position and movement and awareness of vibration was normal in 62 of the 65 patients. But information carried by these anterolateral pathways does reach neural levels of consciousness, for with total lesions of the posterior columns, previously reported, touch and pressure are still felt. Itch was removed by division of the anterolateral pathways. Although the posterior columns are essential for discrimination in mechanoreception, discrimination may be disturbed by lesions of the anterolateral pathways, notably two-point discrimination. The evidence on the pathways essential for conveying impulses giving rise to tickle was inconclusive. (+info)
p53 Regulates the neuronal intrinsic and extrinsic responses affecting the recovery of motor function following spinal cord injury.
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Comparison of ventilation and voice outcomes between unilateral laryngeal pacing and unilateral cordotomy for the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis.
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