Relief of pain and safety of mother and child are fundamentals in obstetrical analgesia. Elimination of those drugs which are ineffective or dangerous is the best guide to proper medication. Morphine, codeine, or similar opium derivatives should be avoided as they depress fetal respiration. Barbiturates have the same fault, despite their popularity. Demerol in small dosage is safe and effective. Scopolamine yields excellent results with safety. Magnesium sulfate potentiates and reinforces the action of scopolamine and involves no danger. This combination of drugs may be used by any competent general practitioner in the home or hospital. (+info)
Trifluoroethylvinyl ether (fluoromar); a preliminary report on clinical experience and animal experiment.
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In observations of 80 cases in which Fluoromar was used for inhalation anesthesia it was noted that induction was rapid; maintenance although labile, was usually smooth; and recovery of reflexes was rapid. Anesthetic complications were minimal, and postanesthetic complications were limited to nausea and vomiting in no greater incidence than that expected to follow the use of most inhalation anesthetic agents. Fluoromar produces rapid, and not particularly unpleasant, loss of consciousness, and will produce complete anesthesia without supplement. However, the muscular relaxation afforded by Fluoromar is not complete, and delayed recovery from anesthesia may follow attempts to produce relaxation by deepening too greatly the level of anesthesia. The inflammability of Fluoromar is less than that of other inhalation agents. (+info)
Thiopentone and buthalitone: the relationship between depth of anaesthesia, plasma concentration and plasma protein binding.
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For 24 hr. after intravenous administration of buthalitone or thiopentone, plasma concentrations in young human subjects have been followed. Buthalitone was distributed to the tissues more rapidly but was metabolized at a slower rate than thiopentone. The relationships between these findings and differences in plasma protein binding and oil/water partition coefficients were studied. It is suggested that some of the differences observed in potency between the substances is a reflection of differences in their modes of distribution. No relationship was found between speed of recovery from anaesthesia and plasma barbiturate concentrations. (+info)
Anaesthesia in new-born animals.
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Pentobarbitone was more toxic to new-born than to adult rabbits and rats, produced a longer loss of righting reflex in new-born animals but did not anaesthetize them effectively in less than toxic doses. Urethane did not anaesthetize new-born animals in doses which anaesthetized adults. Ether produced loss of righting reflex at lower concentrations for new-born than for adults, but the new-born animals became anaesthetized more slowly. (+info)
The influence of thiopentone anaesthesia on the blood lipid and blood sugar level.
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Thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs and rats was accompanied by a sharp fall in blood nonesterified fatty acids and a small increase in blood sugar. No pronounced changes in the blood concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids or fatty acid esters were observed. Ether anaesthesia had no effect on the blood non-esterified fatty acids in rats. The fall in non-esterified fatty acids during thiopentone anaesthesia is therefore not related to the state of anaesthesia itself. (+info)
General anesthesia for eye operations. A consideration of some pertinent factors involved in administration.
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In the administration of general anesthesia for surgical operations on the eye, care must be taken to consider the patient's total physiological condition. A patient with eye problems may have generalized changes of more than moderate extent. Most patients are in the age group in which the incidence of cardiovascular and pulmonary problems is relatively high. If the patient is in a younger age group, perhaps diabetes or the collagen diseases must be suspected. Care must be taken to prevent undue strains to the eye during and immediately after the operation. Constant care and an awareness of possible complication is necessary for successful management in these cases. (+info)
Local anesthesia in ophthalmology.
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With local anesthesia for intraocular operations, postoperative agitation, nausea and vomiting are less frequent, which tends to reduce the number of intraocular complications. Bleeding is less troublesome, and secretions are better controlled. Fewer cardiac and pulmonary complications occur with local anesthesia. Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol(R)) and pentobarbital sodium (nembutal) remain drugs of choice in preoperative medication. Lidocaine (Xylocaine(R)), 1 or 2 per cent, is a most satisfactory local anesthetic for intraocular operations. Complete akinesia of the eyelids has been achieved in every instance by a modified combination of the O'Brien and Van Lint techniques, using lidocaine 1 per cent. Nasolacrimal procedures can be performed satisfactorily by injecting the nasociliary and infraorbital nerves with lidocaine 2 per cent. (+info)
Trichlorethylene analgesia use for urologic procedures in the office.
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Trichlorethylene inhalation for analgesia was used in 391 cases in which urologic procedures were carried out in the office. In the great majority of cases the patients had no significant pain or had only minor discomfort. Results were considered poor in less than 10 per cent of cases. (+info)