We report a case of circumcaval ureter diagnosed preoperatively by 'fish-hook' appearance on intravenous pyelogram. At surgery, patient was treated by 'Anderson Hones' pyeloplasty leaving the retrocaval segment in-situ. (+info)
Anterior urethral valve in an adolescent boy.
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A 14 year old boy with a relatively uncommon anterior urethral valve is described herein. (+info)
The surgical management of renovascular hypertension in children and young adults.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcome and durability of operative revascularisation in young patients with renovascular hypertension. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHOD: The records of all young patients (under 25 years) operated on for renovascular hypertension at St Mary's Hospital 1988-1998 were reviewed. We assessed the aetiology of hypertension, operations performed, effect of treatment on blood pressure, renal function and requirement for antihypertensive medication during follow-up. RESULTS: Ten patients were identified who had been considered for surgery, of median age 16 years (22 months to 22 years). Fibromuscular dysplasia was present in five patients, mid-aortic syndrome (MAS) in four and neurofibromatosis in one. Operations performed were aortorenal bypass (three), aorto-aortic bypass+/-renal bypass (three), splenorenal bypass (one) and autotransplantation (one). Of the three patients treated by balloon angioplasty, only one had a successful result. One patient with MAS is currently awaiting surgery. Over a median follow-up of 24 months (8-144), seven patients are normotensive off all antihypertensive medication. Of two patients on reduced doses of medication, one (splenorenal bypass) required surgical repair of a late (9 years) coeliac stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in carefully selected young patients gives durable results. Blood pressure is well controlled long-term, and the need for antihypertensive medication is removed altogether in the majority of patients. (+info)
Comparison of vaginal wall sling and modified vaginal wall sling for stress urinary incontinence.
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CONTEXT: There are several controversies about which is the best form of surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women. The vaginal wall sling in its original and modified form were presented by Raz as new options for treatment of these conditions, but there is a lack of comparative clinical trials using both techniques. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the original and the modified vaginal wall sling. DESIGN: A comparative, prospective, non-randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Public and private health care units (Urology Division, Faculty of Medicine of the ABC Foundation, and Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina). PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients with anatomical and intrinsic sphincter deficiency stress urinary incontinence were surgically treated for evaluating the initial results of the vaginal wall sling, from February 5, 1994, to June 27, 1996. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 10) were treated with the original vaginal wall sling. Group B (n = 10) were treated with the modified vaginal wall sling. Both groups were statistically similar according to clinical and urodynamic parameters. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Cure and complication rates. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 19 to 43 months (median = 28) for group A. The overall cure rate was 70%. Fifty per cent of the patients had urinary retention of 7 to 35 days. There were no major complications. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 26 months (median = 18) for Group B. The cure rate was 80%. Two patients had urinary retention of 7 and 55 days. There were no major complications. CONCLUSIONS: The vaginal wall sling is as effective as the modified vaginal wall sling but has a higher rate of urinary retention. (+info)
Major surgical complications from minor urological procedures.
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Some urological procedures are regarded as minor or simple. As a result, these may be delegated to trainee surgeons to do. Occasionally nonmedical persons embark on some of the procedures such as male circumcision. Published serious complications from urological procedures considered minor or simple were identified from a Medline search (1966 through 1999) and reference lists of relevant publications. The operations regarded as minor were carried out by medical personnel of all grades as well as by nonmedical persons. The complications can be classified as mutilatory, infective, hemorrhagic, or obstructive. Although the mutilatory complications affect mainly procedures on the penis, infective and hemorrhagic complications affect almost all the procedures. Tumor implantation has occurred along needle biopsy tracts. Although many of the complications are not related to technique or competence, a plea is made for the awareness of their occurrence to encourage preventive strategies. Adequate training of surgical personnel remains essential worldwide. (+info)
Lower extremity neuropathies associated with lithotomy positions.
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BACKGROUND: The goal of this project was to study the frequency and natural history of perioperative lower extremity neuropathies. METHODS: A prospective evaluation of lower extremity neuropathies in 991 adult patients undergoing general anesthetics and surgical procedures while positioned in lithotomy was performed. Patients were assessed with use of a standard questionnaire and neurologic examination before surgery, daily during hospital stay in the first week after surgery, and by phone if discharged before 1 postoperative week. Patients in whom lower extremity neuropathies developed were observed for 6 months. RESULTS: Lower extremity neuropathies developed in 15 patients (1.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.5%). Unilateral or bilateral nerves were affected in patients as follows: obturator (five patients), lateral femoral cutaneous (four patients), sciatic (three patients), and peroneal (three patients). Paresthesia occurred in 14 of 15 patients, and 4 patients had burning or aching pain. No patient had weakness. Symptoms were noted within 4 h of completion of the anesthetic in all 15 patients. These symptoms resolved within 6 months in 14 of 15 patients. Prolonged positioning in a lithotomy position, especially for more than 2 h, was a major risk factor for this complication (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In this surgical population, lower extremity neuropathies were infrequent complications that were noted very soon after surgery and anesthesia. None resulted in prolonged disability. The longer patients were positioned in lithotomy positions, the greater the chance of development of a neuropathy. These findings suggest that a reduction of duration of time in lithotomy positions may reduce the risk of lower extremity neuropathies. (+info)
Sonographic evaluation of anatomic results after the pubovaginal sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomic changes after the pubovaginal sling procedure in women with stress urinary incontinence by transrectal sonography METHODS: This study enrolled 56 women with varying types of stress urinary incontinence who were treated with the pubovaginal sling procedure using self-fashioned polypropylene mesh. The suburethral sling was fixed without tension and was placed at the position between the bladder neck and the proximal urethra. The patients were investigated preoperatively and postoperatively by transrectal sonography of the bladder and urethra. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 6-39 months), 48 patients (85.7%) were cured, 6 (10.7%) had improved, and 2 (3.6%) had treatment failures. Transrectal sonography revealed a well-suspended bladder neck and proximal urethra in all patients who were cured. As measured by changes of the axis of the pubovesical ligament, the position of the bladder neck was elevated by a mean of 29.6 +/- 21.5 degrees in the resting condition and 47.4 +/- 27.7 degrees in the straining condition. An incompetent bladder neck and proximal urethra were noted in 8 patients who had stress urinary incontinence after surgery. The incidence of opening of the bladder neck was 84.6% in 13 patients with de novo urgency or urge incontinence, whereas only 2 (4.7%) of 43 patients who did not have postoperative urgency had opening of the neck (P = .000). CONCLUSION: Transrectal sonography provides useful information about anatomic changes after the pubovaginal sling procedure. Bladder neck incompetence after surgery was closely related to postoperative urgency or urge incontinence. (+info)
Rate of injection through whitacre needles affects distribution of spinal anaesthesia.
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A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed to investigate whether altering the rate of injection of local anaesthetic through a Whitacre needle had any effect on the spinal block achieved. Twenty patients scheduled for elective urological surgery under spinal anaesthesia received an injection of 3 ml of 0.5% plain bupivacaine either by hand (fast) over 10 s (18 ml min(-1)) or by infusion pump (slow) over 3 min (1 ml min(-1)). All patients were in the sitting position both during insertion of the spinal needle and for 3 min after the start of spinal injection, and they then changed to the supine position. The slow injection group achieved peak sensory block earlier, after a median interval of 20 (95% confidence interval 12.5-30) min vs 30 (22.5-45) min (P<0.05) for the fast group. The level of peak sensory block was similar: T3.5 (T2-T4.5) vs T4 (T1.5-T6.5). The time to lowest mean arterial pressure occurred earlier in the slow group, at 10 (8 to 18) vs 20 (15-31) min (P<0.05). Duration of the motor block was shorter in the slow group: 180 (152-242) vs 270 (225-300). We conclude that a slow spinal injection of plain bupivacaine results in a block of more rapid onset and recovery. (+info)